An olfactory display for virtual reality glasses

Olfaction has not been explored in virtual reality environments to the same extent as the visual and auditory senses. Much less research has been done with olfactory devices, and very few of them can be easily integrated into virtual reality applications. The inclusion of odor into virtual reality simulations using a chemical device involves challenges such as possible diffusion into undesired areas, slow dissipation, the definition of various parameters (e.g., concentration, frequency, and duration), and an appropriate software solution for controlling the diffusion of the odor. This paper aims to present a non-intrusive, mobile, low cost and wearable olfactory display, and a software service that allows the developer to easily create applications that include olfactory stimuli integrated with virtual reality headset glasses. We also present a case study conducted with 32 people to evaluate their satisfaction when using the olfactory display. Our findings indicate that our solution works as expected, producing odor properly and being easy to integrate to applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00530-022-00908-8.