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Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile

A sharp decrease in public transport demand has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. In this context, it is relevant to understand how mode preferences have changed since the surge of COVID-19. In order to better understand how the pandemic changed mode choice, particularly r...

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Autores principales: Basnak, Paul, Giesen, Ricardo, Muñoz, Juan Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8920350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.011
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author Basnak, Paul
Giesen, Ricardo
Muñoz, Juan Carlos
author_facet Basnak, Paul
Giesen, Ricardo
Muñoz, Juan Carlos
author_sort Basnak, Paul
collection PubMed
description A sharp decrease in public transport demand has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. In this context, it is relevant to understand how mode preferences have changed since the surge of COVID-19. In order to better understand how the pandemic changed mode choice, particularly regarding the impact of crowding and face mask use in public transport, we conducted a stated preference on-line and on-street survey in Santiago, Chile. Our sample is balanced in gender but has a higher proportion of individuals with college degrees and those under 45 years of age than the population of Santiago. The data collected was then used to estimate two multinomial mode choice models, a latent class model and a mixed logit model with latent variables. The models yielded a value of travel time in crowded conditions (4 pax/m2) and low face mask use (50%) of 3.0–5.1 times higher than the case with low crowding (0.5 pax/m2) and 100% face mask use. Moreover, women tend to be more sensitive than men to the use of face masks in public transport. Besides, young and low-income people are relatively less sensitive to crowding. The crowding penalization obtained is higher than in pre-pandemic models calibrated for Santiago for similar passenger densities. Also, as we expected, it grows non-linearly with passenger density. Disinfection of vehicles, as well as the perception of health risk, cleanliness, safety and comfort, were also relevant in explaining mode choice. Further research shall discuss how the change of mode preferences together with new demand patterns influence the operational design of public transport services.
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spelling pubmed-89203502022-03-15 Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile Basnak, Paul Giesen, Ricardo Muñoz, Juan Carlos Transp Res Part A Policy Pract Article A sharp decrease in public transport demand has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. In this context, it is relevant to understand how mode preferences have changed since the surge of COVID-19. In order to better understand how the pandemic changed mode choice, particularly regarding the impact of crowding and face mask use in public transport, we conducted a stated preference on-line and on-street survey in Santiago, Chile. Our sample is balanced in gender but has a higher proportion of individuals with college degrees and those under 45 years of age than the population of Santiago. The data collected was then used to estimate two multinomial mode choice models, a latent class model and a mixed logit model with latent variables. The models yielded a value of travel time in crowded conditions (4 pax/m2) and low face mask use (50%) of 3.0–5.1 times higher than the case with low crowding (0.5 pax/m2) and 100% face mask use. Moreover, women tend to be more sensitive than men to the use of face masks in public transport. Besides, young and low-income people are relatively less sensitive to crowding. The crowding penalization obtained is higher than in pre-pandemic models calibrated for Santiago for similar passenger densities. Also, as we expected, it grows non-linearly with passenger density. Disinfection of vehicles, as well as the perception of health risk, cleanliness, safety and comfort, were also relevant in explaining mode choice. Further research shall discuss how the change of mode preferences together with new demand patterns influence the operational design of public transport services. Elsevier Ltd. 2022-05 2022-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8920350/ /pubmed/35309689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.011 Text en © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Basnak, Paul
Giesen, Ricardo
Muñoz, Juan Carlos
Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title_full Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title_fullStr Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title_short Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
title_sort estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the covid-19 pandemic in santiago, chile
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8920350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.011
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