Determining chemical air equivalency using silicone personal monitors

BACKGROUND: Silicone personal samplers are increasingly being used to measure chemical exposures, but many of these studies do not attempt to calculate environmental concentrations. OBJECTIVE: Using measurements of silicone wristband uptake of organic chemicals from atmospheric exposure, create log K(sa) and k(e) predictive models based on empirical data to help develop air equivalency calculations for both volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. METHODS: An atmospheric vapor generator and a custom exposure chamber were used to measure the uptake of organic chemicals into silicone wristbands under simulated indoor conditions. Log K(sa) models were evaluated using repeated k-fold cross-validation. Air equivalency was compared between best-performing models. RESULTS: Log K(sa) and log k(e) estimates calculated from uptake data were used to build predictive models from boiling point (BP) and other parameters (all models: R(2) = 0.70–0.94). The log K(sa) models were combined with published data and refined to create comprehensive and effective predictive models (R(2): 0.95–0.97). Final estimates of air equivalency using novel BP models correlated well over an example dataset (Spearman r = 0.984) across 5-orders of magnitude (<0.05 to >5000 ng/L). SIGNIFICANCE: Data from silicone samplers can be translated into air equivalent concentrations that better characterize environmental concentrations associated with personal exposures and allow direct comparisons to regulatory levels.