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Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C

Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the tempe...

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Autores principales: Lan, Xin-Ran, Liu, Zhi-Ling, Niu, Deng-Ke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8923349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35300480
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114
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author Lan, Xin-Ran
Liu, Zhi-Ling
Niu, Deng-Ke
author_facet Lan, Xin-Ran
Liu, Zhi-Ling
Niu, Deng-Ke
author_sort Lan, Xin-Ran
collection PubMed
description Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the temperature range around 45°C. From the literature, we noticed that the diversities of cellular predators (like protozoa, nematodes, and myxobacteria) have a steep decline at this temperature range. The grazing risk faced by bacteria reduces substantially at around 45°C and almost disappears above 60°C. We propose that viral lysis would become the dominating factor of bacterial mortality, and antivirus immunity has a higher priority at higher temperatures. In temperature ranges where the abundance of cellular predators does not change with temperature, the growth temperatures of bacteria would not significantly affect their CRISPR-Cas contents. The hypothesis predicts that bacteria should also be rich in CRISPR-Cas systems if they live in other extreme conditions inaccessible to grazing predators.
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spelling pubmed-89233492022-03-16 Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C Lan, Xin-Ran Liu, Zhi-Ling Niu, Deng-Ke Front Microbiol Microbiology Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the temperature range around 45°C. From the literature, we noticed that the diversities of cellular predators (like protozoa, nematodes, and myxobacteria) have a steep decline at this temperature range. The grazing risk faced by bacteria reduces substantially at around 45°C and almost disappears above 60°C. We propose that viral lysis would become the dominating factor of bacterial mortality, and antivirus immunity has a higher priority at higher temperatures. In temperature ranges where the abundance of cellular predators does not change with temperature, the growth temperatures of bacteria would not significantly affect their CRISPR-Cas contents. The hypothesis predicts that bacteria should also be rich in CRISPR-Cas systems if they live in other extreme conditions inaccessible to grazing predators. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8923349/ /pubmed/35300480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lan, Liu and Niu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Lan, Xin-Ran
Liu, Zhi-Ling
Niu, Deng-Ke
Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title_full Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title_fullStr Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title_full_unstemmed Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title_short Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
title_sort precipitous increase of bacterial crispr-cas abundance at around 45°c
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8923349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35300480
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114
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