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Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C
Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the tempe...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8923349/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35300480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114 |
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author | Lan, Xin-Ran Liu, Zhi-Ling Niu, Deng-Ke |
author_facet | Lan, Xin-Ran Liu, Zhi-Ling Niu, Deng-Ke |
author_sort | Lan, Xin-Ran |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the temperature range around 45°C. From the literature, we noticed that the diversities of cellular predators (like protozoa, nematodes, and myxobacteria) have a steep decline at this temperature range. The grazing risk faced by bacteria reduces substantially at around 45°C and almost disappears above 60°C. We propose that viral lysis would become the dominating factor of bacterial mortality, and antivirus immunity has a higher priority at higher temperatures. In temperature ranges where the abundance of cellular predators does not change with temperature, the growth temperatures of bacteria would not significantly affect their CRISPR-Cas contents. The hypothesis predicts that bacteria should also be rich in CRISPR-Cas systems if they live in other extreme conditions inaccessible to grazing predators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8923349 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89233492022-03-16 Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C Lan, Xin-Ran Liu, Zhi-Ling Niu, Deng-Ke Front Microbiol Microbiology Although performing adaptive immunity, CRISPR-Cas systems are present in only 40% of bacterial genomes. We observed an abrupt increase of bacterial CRISPR-Cas abundance at around 45°C. Phylogenetic comparative analyses confirmed that the abundance correlates with growth temperature only at the temperature range around 45°C. From the literature, we noticed that the diversities of cellular predators (like protozoa, nematodes, and myxobacteria) have a steep decline at this temperature range. The grazing risk faced by bacteria reduces substantially at around 45°C and almost disappears above 60°C. We propose that viral lysis would become the dominating factor of bacterial mortality, and antivirus immunity has a higher priority at higher temperatures. In temperature ranges where the abundance of cellular predators does not change with temperature, the growth temperatures of bacteria would not significantly affect their CRISPR-Cas contents. The hypothesis predicts that bacteria should also be rich in CRISPR-Cas systems if they live in other extreme conditions inaccessible to grazing predators. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8923349/ /pubmed/35300480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lan, Liu and Niu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Lan, Xin-Ran Liu, Zhi-Ling Niu, Deng-Ke Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title | Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title_full | Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title_fullStr | Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title_full_unstemmed | Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title_short | Precipitous Increase of Bacterial CRISPR-Cas Abundance at Around 45°C |
title_sort | precipitous increase of bacterial crispr-cas abundance at around 45°c |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8923349/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35300480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.773114 |
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