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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is...

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Autores principales: Su, Zhi Yi, Siak, Pui Yan, Leong, Chee-Onn, Cheah, Shiau-Chuen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8924466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35311066
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.840467
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author Su, Zhi Yi
Siak, Pui Yan
Leong, Chee-Onn
Cheah, Shiau-Chuen
author_facet Su, Zhi Yi
Siak, Pui Yan
Leong, Chee-Onn
Cheah, Shiau-Chuen
author_sort Su, Zhi Yi
collection PubMed
description Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Cells in the TME communicate through various mechanisms, of note, exosomes, ligand-receptor interactions, cytokines and chemokines are active players in the construction of TME, characterized by an abundance of immune infiltrates with suppressed immune activities. The NPC microenvironment serves as a target-rich niche for the discovery of potential promising predictive or diagnostic biomarkers and the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, huge efforts have been made to exploit the role of the NPC microenvironment. The whole picture of the NPC microenvironment remains to be portrayed to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and implement research into clinical practice. The current review discusses the recent insights into the role of TME in the development and progression of NPC which results in different clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical interventions with the use of TME components as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, their challenges, and future perspectives will be introduced. This review anticipates to provide insights to the researchers for future preclinical, translational and clinical research on the NPC microenvironment.
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spelling pubmed-89244662022-03-17 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives Su, Zhi Yi Siak, Pui Yan Leong, Chee-Onn Cheah, Shiau-Chuen Front Oncol Oncology Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Cells in the TME communicate through various mechanisms, of note, exosomes, ligand-receptor interactions, cytokines and chemokines are active players in the construction of TME, characterized by an abundance of immune infiltrates with suppressed immune activities. The NPC microenvironment serves as a target-rich niche for the discovery of potential promising predictive or diagnostic biomarkers and the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, huge efforts have been made to exploit the role of the NPC microenvironment. The whole picture of the NPC microenvironment remains to be portrayed to understand the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and implement research into clinical practice. The current review discusses the recent insights into the role of TME in the development and progression of NPC which results in different clinical outcomes of patients. Clinical interventions with the use of TME components as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, their challenges, and future perspectives will be introduced. This review anticipates to provide insights to the researchers for future preclinical, translational and clinical research on the NPC microenvironment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8924466/ /pubmed/35311066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.840467 Text en Copyright © 2022 Su, Siak, Leong and Cheah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Su, Zhi Yi
Siak, Pui Yan
Leong, Chee-Onn
Cheah, Shiau-Chuen
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title_full Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title_short Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives
title_sort nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its microenvironment: past, current, and future perspectives
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8924466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35311066
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.840467
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