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Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait
BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to develop a novel dynamic measurement technique for testing the material properties and investigating the effect of continuous compression load on the structural and mechanical properties of human heel pad during actual gait. METHODS: The dual fluoroscopic imaging s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8925218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35292004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05197-w |
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author | Teng, Zhao-lin Yang, Xiong-gang Geng, Xiang Gu, Yan-jie Huang, Ran Chen, Wen-ming Wang, Chen Chen, Li Zhang, Chao Helili, Maimaitirexiati Huang, Jia-zhang Wang, Xu Ma, Xin |
author_facet | Teng, Zhao-lin Yang, Xiong-gang Geng, Xiang Gu, Yan-jie Huang, Ran Chen, Wen-ming Wang, Chen Chen, Li Zhang, Chao Helili, Maimaitirexiati Huang, Jia-zhang Wang, Xu Ma, Xin |
author_sort | Teng, Zhao-lin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to develop a novel dynamic measurement technique for testing the material properties and investigating the effect of continuous compression load on the structural and mechanical properties of human heel pad during actual gait. METHODS: The dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and dynamic foot-ground contact pressure-test plate were used for measuring the material properties, including primary thickness, peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, viscous modulus and energy dissipation rate (EDR), both at time zero and following continuous loading. Ten healthy pilot subjects, aged from 23 to 72 (average: 46.5 ± 17.6), were enrolled. A “three-step gait cycle” is performed for all subjects, with the second step striking at a marked position on the force plate with the heel to maintain the location of the tested foot to be in the view of fluoroscopes. The subjects were measured at both relaxed (time-zero group) and fatigue (continuous-loading group) statuses, and the left and right heels were measured using the identical procedures. RESULTS: The peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, and EDR are similar before and after continuous load, while the viscous modulus was significantly decreased (median: 43.9 vs. 20.37 kPa•s; p < 0.001) as well as primary thicknesses (median: 15.99 vs. 15.72 mm; p < 0.001). Age is demonstrated to be moderately correlated with the primary thicknesses both at time zero (R = -0.507) and following continuous load (R = -0.607). The peak stress was significantly correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.741) and after continuous load (R = 0.802). The peak strain was correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = -0.765) and after continuous load (R = -0.801). The correlations between the viscous modulus and peak stress/ peak strain are similar to above(R = 0.643, 0.577, − 0.586 and − 0.717 respectively). The viscous modulus is positively correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.821) and after continuous load (R = 0.784). CONCLUSIONS: By using dynamic fluoroscopy combined with the plantar pressure plate, the in vivo viscoelastic properties and other data of the heel pad in the actual gait can be obtained. Age was negatively correlated with the primary thickness of heel pad and peak strain, and was positively correlated with viscous modulus. Repetitive loading could decrease the primary thickness of heel pad and viscous modulus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8925218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89252182022-03-23 Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait Teng, Zhao-lin Yang, Xiong-gang Geng, Xiang Gu, Yan-jie Huang, Ran Chen, Wen-ming Wang, Chen Chen, Li Zhang, Chao Helili, Maimaitirexiati Huang, Jia-zhang Wang, Xu Ma, Xin BMC Musculoskelet Disord Research BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to develop a novel dynamic measurement technique for testing the material properties and investigating the effect of continuous compression load on the structural and mechanical properties of human heel pad during actual gait. METHODS: The dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and dynamic foot-ground contact pressure-test plate were used for measuring the material properties, including primary thickness, peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, viscous modulus and energy dissipation rate (EDR), both at time zero and following continuous loading. Ten healthy pilot subjects, aged from 23 to 72 (average: 46.5 ± 17.6), were enrolled. A “three-step gait cycle” is performed for all subjects, with the second step striking at a marked position on the force plate with the heel to maintain the location of the tested foot to be in the view of fluoroscopes. The subjects were measured at both relaxed (time-zero group) and fatigue (continuous-loading group) statuses, and the left and right heels were measured using the identical procedures. RESULTS: The peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, and EDR are similar before and after continuous load, while the viscous modulus was significantly decreased (median: 43.9 vs. 20.37 kPa•s; p < 0.001) as well as primary thicknesses (median: 15.99 vs. 15.72 mm; p < 0.001). Age is demonstrated to be moderately correlated with the primary thicknesses both at time zero (R = -0.507) and following continuous load (R = -0.607). The peak stress was significantly correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.741) and after continuous load (R = 0.802). The peak strain was correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = -0.765) and after continuous load (R = -0.801). The correlations between the viscous modulus and peak stress/ peak strain are similar to above(R = 0.643, 0.577, − 0.586 and − 0.717 respectively). The viscous modulus is positively correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.821) and after continuous load (R = 0.784). CONCLUSIONS: By using dynamic fluoroscopy combined with the plantar pressure plate, the in vivo viscoelastic properties and other data of the heel pad in the actual gait can be obtained. Age was negatively correlated with the primary thickness of heel pad and peak strain, and was positively correlated with viscous modulus. Repetitive loading could decrease the primary thickness of heel pad and viscous modulus. BioMed Central 2022-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8925218/ /pubmed/35292004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05197-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Teng, Zhao-lin Yang, Xiong-gang Geng, Xiang Gu, Yan-jie Huang, Ran Chen, Wen-ming Wang, Chen Chen, Li Zhang, Chao Helili, Maimaitirexiati Huang, Jia-zhang Wang, Xu Ma, Xin Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title | Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title_full | Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title_fullStr | Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title_short | Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
title_sort | effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8925218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35292004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05197-w |
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