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Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years
The zoonotic disease anthrax, caused by the endospore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is very rare in Germany. In the state of Bavaria, the last case occurred in July of 2009, resulting in four dead cows. In August of 2021, the disease reemerged after heavy rains, killing one gestating cow. No...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8925895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35195442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02291-21 |
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author | Braun, Peter Beyer, Wolfgang Hanczaruk, Matthias Riehm, Julia M. Antwerpen, Markus Otterbein, Christian Oesterheld, Jacqueline Grass, Gregor |
author_facet | Braun, Peter Beyer, Wolfgang Hanczaruk, Matthias Riehm, Julia M. Antwerpen, Markus Otterbein, Christian Oesterheld, Jacqueline Grass, Gregor |
author_sort | Braun, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | The zoonotic disease anthrax, caused by the endospore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is very rare in Germany. In the state of Bavaria, the last case occurred in July of 2009, resulting in four dead cows. In August of 2021, the disease reemerged after heavy rains, killing one gestating cow. Notably, both outbreaks affected the same pasture, suggesting a close epidemiological connection. B. anthracis could be grown from blood culture, and the presence of both virulence plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2) was confirmed by PCR. Also, recently developed diagnostic tools enabled rapid detection of B. anthracis cells and nucleic acids directly in clinical samples. The complete genome of the strain isolated from blood, designated BF-5, was DNA sequenced and phylogenetically grouped within the B.Br.CNEVA clade, which is typical for European B. anthracis strains. The genome was almost identical to BF-1, the isolate from 2009, separated only by three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the chromosome, one on plasmid pXO2 and three indel regions. Further, B. anthracis DNA was detected by PCR from soil samples taken from spots in the pasture where the cow had fallen. New tools based on phage receptor-binding proteins enabled the microscopic detection and isolation of B. anthracis directly from soil samples. These environmental isolates were genotyped and found to be identical to BF-5 in terms of SNPs. Therefore, it seems that the BF-5 genotype is currently the prevalent one at the affected premises. The area contaminated by the cadaver was subsequently disinfected with formaldehyde. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8925895 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89258952022-03-17 Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years Braun, Peter Beyer, Wolfgang Hanczaruk, Matthias Riehm, Julia M. Antwerpen, Markus Otterbein, Christian Oesterheld, Jacqueline Grass, Gregor J Clin Microbiol Clinical Veterinary Microbiology The zoonotic disease anthrax, caused by the endospore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is very rare in Germany. In the state of Bavaria, the last case occurred in July of 2009, resulting in four dead cows. In August of 2021, the disease reemerged after heavy rains, killing one gestating cow. Notably, both outbreaks affected the same pasture, suggesting a close epidemiological connection. B. anthracis could be grown from blood culture, and the presence of both virulence plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2) was confirmed by PCR. Also, recently developed diagnostic tools enabled rapid detection of B. anthracis cells and nucleic acids directly in clinical samples. The complete genome of the strain isolated from blood, designated BF-5, was DNA sequenced and phylogenetically grouped within the B.Br.CNEVA clade, which is typical for European B. anthracis strains. The genome was almost identical to BF-1, the isolate from 2009, separated only by three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the chromosome, one on plasmid pXO2 and three indel regions. Further, B. anthracis DNA was detected by PCR from soil samples taken from spots in the pasture where the cow had fallen. New tools based on phage receptor-binding proteins enabled the microscopic detection and isolation of B. anthracis directly from soil samples. These environmental isolates were genotyped and found to be identical to BF-5 in terms of SNPs. Therefore, it seems that the BF-5 genotype is currently the prevalent one at the affected premises. The area contaminated by the cadaver was subsequently disinfected with formaldehyde. American Society for Microbiology 2022-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8925895/ /pubmed/35195442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02291-21 Text en Copyright © 2022 Braun et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Braun, Peter Beyer, Wolfgang Hanczaruk, Matthias Riehm, Julia M. Antwerpen, Markus Otterbein, Christian Oesterheld, Jacqueline Grass, Gregor Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title | Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title_full | Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title_fullStr | Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title_full_unstemmed | Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title_short | Reoccurring Bovine Anthrax in Germany on the Same Pasture after 12 Years |
title_sort | reoccurring bovine anthrax in germany on the same pasture after 12 years |
topic | Clinical Veterinary Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8925895/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35195442 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02291-21 |
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