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A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV

We provide an elaborate review of cases published between January 2005 and April 2021 on hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in HIV patients. Seventy articles describing 81 adult patients (age ≥19 years) were included. The median age was 40 years, and 78% were males. Only 65% were known to have...

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Autores principales: Tabaja, Hussam, Kanj, Amjad, El Zein, Said, Comba, Isin Yagmur, Chehab, Omar, Mahmood, Maryam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8926004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35308483
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac071
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author Tabaja, Hussam
Kanj, Amjad
El Zein, Said
Comba, Isin Yagmur
Chehab, Omar
Mahmood, Maryam
author_facet Tabaja, Hussam
Kanj, Amjad
El Zein, Said
Comba, Isin Yagmur
Chehab, Omar
Mahmood, Maryam
author_sort Tabaja, Hussam
collection PubMed
description We provide an elaborate review of cases published between January 2005 and April 2021 on hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in HIV patients. Seventy articles describing 81 adult patients (age ≥19 years) were included. The median age was 40 years, and 78% were males. Only 65% were known to have HIV before presentation. CD4 count was ≥200 cells/mm(3) in 23%, and HIV viral load was <200 copies/mL in 41%. The lack of meticulous reporting of ≥5 of 8 criteria for HLH diagnosis was evident in a third of cases. At least 1 infectious agent—other than HIV—was believed to trigger HLH in 78% of patients. The most common were Epstein-Barr virus (26%), human herpesvirus 8 (21%), and Histoplasma capsulatum (17%). Sixty percent survived. Among those, 93% received treatment for identified secondary trigger(s), while 51% received HLH-directed therapy. There was significant heterogeneity in the treatment regimens used for HLH.
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spelling pubmed-89260042022-03-17 A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV Tabaja, Hussam Kanj, Amjad El Zein, Said Comba, Isin Yagmur Chehab, Omar Mahmood, Maryam Open Forum Infect Dis Review Article We provide an elaborate review of cases published between January 2005 and April 2021 on hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in HIV patients. Seventy articles describing 81 adult patients (age ≥19 years) were included. The median age was 40 years, and 78% were males. Only 65% were known to have HIV before presentation. CD4 count was ≥200 cells/mm(3) in 23%, and HIV viral load was <200 copies/mL in 41%. The lack of meticulous reporting of ≥5 of 8 criteria for HLH diagnosis was evident in a third of cases. At least 1 infectious agent—other than HIV—was believed to trigger HLH in 78% of patients. The most common were Epstein-Barr virus (26%), human herpesvirus 8 (21%), and Histoplasma capsulatum (17%). Sixty percent survived. Among those, 93% received treatment for identified secondary trigger(s), while 51% received HLH-directed therapy. There was significant heterogeneity in the treatment regimens used for HLH. Oxford University Press 2022-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8926004/ /pubmed/35308483 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac071 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review Article
Tabaja, Hussam
Kanj, Amjad
El Zein, Said
Comba, Isin Yagmur
Chehab, Omar
Mahmood, Maryam
A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title_full A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title_fullStr A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title_full_unstemmed A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title_short A Review of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Patients With HIV
title_sort review of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with hiv
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8926004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35308483
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac071
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