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Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis
Tobacco smoke is an important modifiable environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. The population attributable fraction (AF) of MS due to smoking can be used to assess the contribution of smoking to the risk of MS development. We conducted a matched case-control study, including in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840158 |
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author | Manouchehrinia, Ali Huang, Jesse Hillert, Jan Alfredsson, Lars Olsson, Tomas Kockum, Ingrid Constantinescu, Cris S. |
author_facet | Manouchehrinia, Ali Huang, Jesse Hillert, Jan Alfredsson, Lars Olsson, Tomas Kockum, Ingrid Constantinescu, Cris S. |
author_sort | Manouchehrinia, Ali |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tobacco smoke is an important modifiable environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. The population attributable fraction (AF) of MS due to smoking can be used to assess the contribution of smoking to the risk of MS development. We conducted a matched case-control study, including individuals with MS and population-based controls. Overall, sex- and genetic risk score-stratified AF due to smoking were calculated by fitting logistic regression models. We included 9,419 individuals with MS and 9,419 population-based matched controls. At the time of MS onset 44.1% of persons with MS and 35.9% of controls ever regularly smoked of which 38.1% and 29.2% were still smoking. The overall AF was 13.1% (95%CI: 10.7 to 15.4). The AF was 10.6% (95%CI: 7.4 to 13.7) in females and 19.1% (95%CI: 13.1 to 25.1) in males. The AF was 0.6% (95%CI: 0.0 to 2) in ex-smokers. In those having human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA risk scores above the median levels of controls, the AF was 11.4% (95%CI: 6.8 to 15.9) and 12% (95%CI: 7.7 to 16.3), respectively. The AF was 17.6% (95%CI: 10.2 to 24.9) and 18.6% (95%CI: 5.5 to 31.6) in those with HLA and non-HLA risk scores below the median levels in controls, respectively. We noticed a decline in AF in recent birth cohorts. This study indicates that at least 13% of cases of MS could be prevented through the avoidance of tobacco smoking. Considering the prevalence of MS, this represents a very large group of people in absolute number. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8927036 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89270362022-03-18 Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Manouchehrinia, Ali Huang, Jesse Hillert, Jan Alfredsson, Lars Olsson, Tomas Kockum, Ingrid Constantinescu, Cris S. Front Immunol Immunology Tobacco smoke is an important modifiable environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. The population attributable fraction (AF) of MS due to smoking can be used to assess the contribution of smoking to the risk of MS development. We conducted a matched case-control study, including individuals with MS and population-based controls. Overall, sex- and genetic risk score-stratified AF due to smoking were calculated by fitting logistic regression models. We included 9,419 individuals with MS and 9,419 population-based matched controls. At the time of MS onset 44.1% of persons with MS and 35.9% of controls ever regularly smoked of which 38.1% and 29.2% were still smoking. The overall AF was 13.1% (95%CI: 10.7 to 15.4). The AF was 10.6% (95%CI: 7.4 to 13.7) in females and 19.1% (95%CI: 13.1 to 25.1) in males. The AF was 0.6% (95%CI: 0.0 to 2) in ex-smokers. In those having human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA risk scores above the median levels of controls, the AF was 11.4% (95%CI: 6.8 to 15.9) and 12% (95%CI: 7.7 to 16.3), respectively. The AF was 17.6% (95%CI: 10.2 to 24.9) and 18.6% (95%CI: 5.5 to 31.6) in those with HLA and non-HLA risk scores below the median levels in controls, respectively. We noticed a decline in AF in recent birth cohorts. This study indicates that at least 13% of cases of MS could be prevented through the avoidance of tobacco smoking. Considering the prevalence of MS, this represents a very large group of people in absolute number. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8927036/ /pubmed/35309300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840158 Text en Copyright © 2022 Manouchehrinia, Huang, Hillert, Alfredsson, Olsson, Kockum and Constantinescu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Manouchehrinia, Ali Huang, Jesse Hillert, Jan Alfredsson, Lars Olsson, Tomas Kockum, Ingrid Constantinescu, Cris S. Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title | Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full | Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short | Smoking Attributable Risk in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort | smoking attributable risk in multiple sclerosis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309300 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840158 |
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