Cargando…

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Duan, Tianhao, Du, Yang, Xing, Changsheng, Wang, Helen Y., Wang, Rong-Fu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774
_version_ 1784670559215288320
author Duan, Tianhao
Du, Yang
Xing, Changsheng
Wang, Helen Y.
Wang, Rong-Fu
author_facet Duan, Tianhao
Du, Yang
Xing, Changsheng
Wang, Helen Y.
Wang, Rong-Fu
author_sort Duan, Tianhao
collection PubMed
description Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8927970
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89279702022-03-18 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity Duan, Tianhao Du, Yang Xing, Changsheng Wang, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu Front Immunol Immunology Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8927970/ /pubmed/35309296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774 Text en Copyright © 2022 Duan, Du, Xing, Wang and Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Duan, Tianhao
Du, Yang
Xing, Changsheng
Wang, Helen Y.
Wang, Rong-Fu
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title_full Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title_fullStr Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title_short Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
title_sort toll-like receptor signaling and its role in cell-mediated immunity
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774
work_keys_str_mv AT duantianhao tolllikereceptorsignalinganditsroleincellmediatedimmunity
AT duyang tolllikereceptorsignalinganditsroleincellmediatedimmunity
AT xingchangsheng tolllikereceptorsignalinganditsroleincellmediatedimmunity
AT wangheleny tolllikereceptorsignalinganditsroleincellmediatedimmunity
AT wangrongfu tolllikereceptorsignalinganditsroleincellmediatedimmunity