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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774 |
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author | Duan, Tianhao Du, Yang Xing, Changsheng Wang, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu |
author_facet | Duan, Tianhao Du, Yang Xing, Changsheng Wang, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu |
author_sort | Duan, Tianhao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8927970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89279702022-03-18 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity Duan, Tianhao Du, Yang Xing, Changsheng Wang, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu Front Immunol Immunology Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8927970/ /pubmed/35309296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774 Text en Copyright © 2022 Duan, Du, Xing, Wang and Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Duan, Tianhao Du, Yang Xing, Changsheng Wang, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title | Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title_full | Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title_fullStr | Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title_short | Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity |
title_sort | toll-like receptor signaling and its role in cell-mediated immunity |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774 |
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