Oxy-Combustion of Solid Recovered Fuel in a Semi-Industrial CFB Reactor: On the Implications of Gas Atmosphere and Combustion Temperature

[Image: see text] Oxy-fuel combustion of refuse waste is gaining considerable attention as a viable CO(2) negative technology that can enable the continued use of stationary combustion plants during the transition to renewable energy sources. Compared to fossil fuels, waste-derived fuels tend to be highly heterogeneous and to contain a greater amount of alkaline metals and chlorine. Therefore, experimental studies are mandatory to thoroughly elucidate refuse materials’ combustion and pollutant formation behavior. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the air and oxy-fuel combustion of solid recovered fuel at a 200 kW(th) circulating fluidized bed facility. In the course of two experimental campaigns, the effects of combustion atmosphere and temperature on pollutant formation (i.e., NO(x), SO(2), and HCl) and reactor hydrodynamics were systematically studied. In contrast to air-firing conditions, the experimental results showed that oxy-fuel combustion enhanced the volume concentration of NO(x) by about 50% while simultaneously decreasing the fuel-specific NO(x) emissions (by about 33%). The volume concentrations of SO(2) and HCl were significantly influenced by the absorption capacity of calcium-containing ash particles, yielding corresponding values close to 10 and 200 ppmv at 871–880 °C under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. In addition, the analysis of hydrodynamic data revealed that smooth temperature profiles are indispensable to mitigate bed sintering and agglomeration risks during oxy-fuel operation. The results included in this study provide a valuable contribution to the database of experimental information on the oxy-fuel combustion of alternative fuels, which can be applied in future process model validations and scale-up studies.