Identification of G-quadruplex DNA sequences in SARS-CoV2

G-quadruplex structure or Putative Quadruplex Sequences (PQSs) are abundant in human, microbial, DNA, or RNA viral genomes. These sequences in RNA viral genome play critical roles in integration into human genome as LTR (Long Terminal Repeat), genome replication, chromatin rearrangements, gene regulation, antigen variation (Av), and virulence. Here, we investigated whether the genome of SARS-CoV2, an RNA virus, contained such potential G-quadruplex structures. Using bioinformatic tools, we searched for such sequences and found thirty-seven (forward strand (twenty-five) + reverse strand (Twelve)) QGRSs (Quadruplex forming G-Rich Sequences)/PQSs in SARS-CoV2 genome. These sequences are dispersed mainly in the upstream of SARS-CoV2 genes. We discuss whether existing PQS/QGRS ligands could inhibit the SARS-CoV2 replication and gene transcription as has been observed in other RNA viruses. Further experimental validation would determine the role of these G-quadruplex sequences in SARS-CoV2 genome function to survive in the host cells and identify therapeutic agents to destabilize these PQSs/QGRSs. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00251-022-01257-6.