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Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions
Knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the spinal cord under different testing conditions is critical for our understanding of biomechanical mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Although velocity and contact stress area are known to affect external mechanical stress or energy upon sudden traumatic injury...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309983 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.762555 |
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author | Jin, Chen Zhu, Rui Xu, Meng-lei Zheng, Liang-dong Zeng, Hui-zi Xie, Ning Cheng, Li-ming |
author_facet | Jin, Chen Zhu, Rui Xu, Meng-lei Zheng, Liang-dong Zeng, Hui-zi Xie, Ning Cheng, Li-ming |
author_sort | Jin, Chen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the spinal cord under different testing conditions is critical for our understanding of biomechanical mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Although velocity and contact stress area are known to affect external mechanical stress or energy upon sudden traumatic injury, quantitative investigation of the two clinically relevant biomechanical variables is limited. Here, freshly excised rat spinal-cord–pia-arachnoid constructs were tested through indentation using indenters of different sizes (radii: 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mm) at various loading rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.20 mm/s. This analysis found that the ex vivo specimen displayed significant nonlinear viscoelasticity at <10% of specimen thickness depth magnitudes. At higher velocity and larger contact stress area, the cord withstood a higher peak load and exhibited more sensitive mechanical relaxation responses (i.e., increasing amplitude and speed of the drop in peak load). Additionally, the cord became stiffer (i.e., increasing elastic modulus) and softer (i.e., decreasing elastic modulus) at a higher velocity and larger contact stress area, respectively. These findings will improve our understanding of the real-time complex biomechanics involved in traumatic spinal cord injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8931460 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89314602022-03-19 Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions Jin, Chen Zhu, Rui Xu, Meng-lei Zheng, Liang-dong Zeng, Hui-zi Xie, Ning Cheng, Li-ming Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the spinal cord under different testing conditions is critical for our understanding of biomechanical mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Although velocity and contact stress area are known to affect external mechanical stress or energy upon sudden traumatic injury, quantitative investigation of the two clinically relevant biomechanical variables is limited. Here, freshly excised rat spinal-cord–pia-arachnoid constructs were tested through indentation using indenters of different sizes (radii: 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mm) at various loading rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.20 mm/s. This analysis found that the ex vivo specimen displayed significant nonlinear viscoelasticity at <10% of specimen thickness depth magnitudes. At higher velocity and larger contact stress area, the cord withstood a higher peak load and exhibited more sensitive mechanical relaxation responses (i.e., increasing amplitude and speed of the drop in peak load). Additionally, the cord became stiffer (i.e., increasing elastic modulus) and softer (i.e., decreasing elastic modulus) at a higher velocity and larger contact stress area, respectively. These findings will improve our understanding of the real-time complex biomechanics involved in traumatic spinal cord injury. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8931460/ /pubmed/35309983 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.762555 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jin, Zhu, Xu, Zheng, Zeng, Xie and Cheng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering and Biotechnology Jin, Chen Zhu, Rui Xu, Meng-lei Zheng, Liang-dong Zeng, Hui-zi Xie, Ning Cheng, Li-ming Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title | Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title_full | Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title_fullStr | Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title_short | Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions |
title_sort | effect of velocity and contact stress area on the dynamic behavior of the spinal cord under different testing conditions |
topic | Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931460/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35309983 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.762555 |
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