Cargando…
Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sport have numerous health benefits and participation is thought to be lower in disadvantaged children and adolescents. However, evidence for the disparity in physical activity is inconsistent, has not been reviewed recently, and for sport has never been synthesised...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35303869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7 |
_version_ | 1784671432505032704 |
---|---|
author | Owen, Katherine B. Nau, Tracy Reece, Lindsey J. Bellew, William Rose, Catriona Bauman, Adrian Halim, Nicole K. Smith, Ben J. |
author_facet | Owen, Katherine B. Nau, Tracy Reece, Lindsey J. Bellew, William Rose, Catriona Bauman, Adrian Halim, Nicole K. Smith, Ben J. |
author_sort | Owen, Katherine B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sport have numerous health benefits and participation is thought to be lower in disadvantaged children and adolescents. However, evidence for the disparity in physical activity is inconsistent, has not been reviewed recently, and for sport has never been synthesised. Our aim was to systematically review, and combine via meta-analyses, evidence of the socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents in high income countries. METHODS: We conducted searches of five electronic databases using physical activity, sport, and socioeconomic disparity related terms. Two independent reviewers assessed 21,342 articles for peer-reviewed original research, published in English that assessed socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents. We combined evidence from eligible studies using a structural equation modelling approach to multilevel meta-analysis. RESULTS: From the 104 eligible studies, we meta-analysed 163 effect sizes. Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to participate in sport (OR: 1.87, 95% CIs 1.38, 2.36) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.24, 95% CIs 0.12, 0.35). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of sport participation was greater in children (d = 0.28, 95% CIs 0.15, 0.41) compared with adolescents (d = 0.13, 95% CIs − 0.03, 0.30). Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (OR: 1.21, 95% CIs 1.09, 1.33) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.08, 95% CIs 0.02, 0.14). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of total physical activity between low and high socioeconomic status households was greater in children (d = 0.13, 95% CIs 0.04, 0.21) compared with adolescents (d = 0.05, 95% CIs − 0.05, 0.15). There was no significant disparity in leisure time physical activity (d = 0.13, 95% CIs − 0.06, 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence of socioeconomic disparities in sport participation and total physical activity participation among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic differences were greater in sport compared to total physical activity and greater in children compared with adolescents. These findings highlight the need importance of targeting sport programs according to socio-economic gradients, to reduce inequities in access and opportunity to organised sport. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8932332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89323322022-03-23 Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Owen, Katherine B. Nau, Tracy Reece, Lindsey J. Bellew, William Rose, Catriona Bauman, Adrian Halim, Nicole K. Smith, Ben J. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Review BACKGROUND: Physical activity and sport have numerous health benefits and participation is thought to be lower in disadvantaged children and adolescents. However, evidence for the disparity in physical activity is inconsistent, has not been reviewed recently, and for sport has never been synthesised. Our aim was to systematically review, and combine via meta-analyses, evidence of the socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents in high income countries. METHODS: We conducted searches of five electronic databases using physical activity, sport, and socioeconomic disparity related terms. Two independent reviewers assessed 21,342 articles for peer-reviewed original research, published in English that assessed socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents. We combined evidence from eligible studies using a structural equation modelling approach to multilevel meta-analysis. RESULTS: From the 104 eligible studies, we meta-analysed 163 effect sizes. Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to participate in sport (OR: 1.87, 95% CIs 1.38, 2.36) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.24, 95% CIs 0.12, 0.35). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of sport participation was greater in children (d = 0.28, 95% CIs 0.15, 0.41) compared with adolescents (d = 0.13, 95% CIs − 0.03, 0.30). Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (OR: 1.21, 95% CIs 1.09, 1.33) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.08, 95% CIs 0.02, 0.14). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of total physical activity between low and high socioeconomic status households was greater in children (d = 0.13, 95% CIs 0.04, 0.21) compared with adolescents (d = 0.05, 95% CIs − 0.05, 0.15). There was no significant disparity in leisure time physical activity (d = 0.13, 95% CIs − 0.06, 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence of socioeconomic disparities in sport participation and total physical activity participation among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic differences were greater in sport compared to total physical activity and greater in children compared with adolescents. These findings highlight the need importance of targeting sport programs according to socio-economic gradients, to reduce inequities in access and opportunity to organised sport. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7. BioMed Central 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8932332/ /pubmed/35303869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Owen, Katherine B. Nau, Tracy Reece, Lindsey J. Bellew, William Rose, Catriona Bauman, Adrian Halim, Nicole K. Smith, Ben J. Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title | Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full | Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr | Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short | Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort | fair play? participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8932332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35303869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT owenkatherineb fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT nautracy fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT reecelindseyj fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT bellewwilliam fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT rosecatriona fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT baumanadrian fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT halimnicolek fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT smithbenj fairplayparticipationequityinorganisedsportandphysicalactivityamongchildrenandadolescentsinhighincomecountriesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |