Integrated Care for Multimorbidity Population in Asian Countries: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: The complex needs of patients with multiple chronic diseases call for integrated care (IC). This scoping review examines several published Asian IC programmes and their relevant components and elements in managing multimorbidity patients. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted by searching electronic databases encompassing Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Three key concepts – 1) integrated care, 2) multimorbidity, and 3) Asian countries – were used to define searching strategies. Studies were included if an IC programme in Asia for multimorbidity was described or evaluated. Data extraction for IC components and elements was carried out by adopting the SELFIE framework. RESULTS: This review yielded 1,112 articles, of which 156 remained after the title and abstract screening and 27 studies after the full-text screening – with 23 IC programmes identified from seven Asian countries. The top 5 mentioned IC components were service delivery (n = 23), workforce (n = 23), leadership and governance (n = 23), monitoring (n = 15), and environment (n = 14); whist financing (n = 9) was least mentioned. Compared to EU/US countries, technology and medical products (Asia: 40%, EU/US: 43%-100%) and multidisciplinary teams (Asia: 26%, EU/US: 50%–81%) were reported less in Asia. Most programmes involved more micro-level elements that coordinate services at the individual level (n = 20) than meso- and macro-level elements, and programmes generally incorporated horizontal and vertical integration (n = 14). CONCLUSION: In the IC programmes for patients with multimorbidity in Asia, service delivery, leadership, and workforce were most frequently mentioned, while the financing component was least mentioned. There appears to be considerable scope for development. HIGHLIGHTS: First scoping review to synthesise the key components and elements of integrated care programmes for multimorbidity in Asia. All programmes emphasized ‘distinctive service delivery’, ‘leadership’, and ‘workforce’ components. ‘Financing’ component was least mentioned in identified integrated care programmes.