Optical manipulation and assembly of micro/nanoscale objects on solid substrates

Many light-based technologies have been developed to manipulate micro/nanoscale objects such as colloidal particles and biological cells for basic research and practical applications. While most approaches such as optical tweezers are best suited for manipulation of objects in fluidic environments, optical manipulation on solid substrates has recently gained research interest for its advantages in constructing, reconfiguring, or powering solid-state devices consisting of colloidal particles as building blocks. Here, we review recent progress in optical technologies that enable versatile manipulation and assembly of micro/nanoscale objects on solid substrates. Diverse technologies based on distinct physical mechanisms, including photophoresis, photochemical isomerization, optothermal phase transition, optothermally induced surface acoustic waves, and optothermal expansion, are discussed. We conclude this review with our perspectives on the opportunities, challenges, and future directions in optical manipulation and assembly on solid substrates.