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Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) impairs patient physical activity, recognition and life quality, which is difficult to perceive but should not be underestimated. Worldwide efforts have been made to lower ID burden, however, whether it decreased equally in different regions and sexes is unclear. Thi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8933942/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35303854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00771-3 |
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author | Wang, Mengying Gao, He Wang, Jianing Cao, Chenliang Ying, Xiaoling Wei, Yingming Yu, Zhiying Shao, Jie Dong, Hengjin Yang, Min |
author_facet | Wang, Mengying Gao, He Wang, Jianing Cao, Chenliang Ying, Xiaoling Wei, Yingming Yu, Zhiying Shao, Jie Dong, Hengjin Yang, Min |
author_sort | Wang, Mengying |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) impairs patient physical activity, recognition and life quality, which is difficult to perceive but should not be underestimated. Worldwide efforts have been made to lower ID burden, however, whether it decreased equally in different regions and sexes is unclear. This study is to examine regional and sex inequalities in global ID from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, comparative burden-of-disease study. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of ID were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Report 2017. Human Development Index (HDI) data were obtained from Human Development Report 2017. Gini coefficient and the concentration index were calculated to assess the equities in global burden of ID. RESULTS: A downward trend of global ID burden (from 569.3 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 387.8–815.6) to 403.0 (95% UI: 272.4–586.6), p < 0.001), age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population) but an uptrend of its inequalities (from 0.366 to 0.431, p < 0.001, Gini coefficients) was observed between 1990 and 2017. ID burden was heavier in women than that in men ([age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population from 742.2 to 514.3] vs [from 398.5 to 291.9]), but its inequalities were higher in men since 1990. The between-sex gap of ID burden was narrowed with higher HDI (β = − 364.11, p < 0.001). East Asia & Pacific and South Asia regions made a big stride for ID control in both sexes over decades [age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population from 378.7 (95% UI: 255.8–551.7) in 1990 to 138.9 (95%UI: 91.8–206.5) in 2017], while a heavy burden among Sub-Saharan African men was persistent[age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population, 572.5 (95% UI: 385.3–815) in 1990 and 562.6 (95% UI: 367.9–833.3) in 2017]. CONCLUSIONS: Redistributing attention and resources to help countries with low HDI, especially take care of women with low socioeconomic status (SES) and men under high ID burden may help hold back the expanding ID inequality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00771-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8933942 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89339422022-03-23 Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 Wang, Mengying Gao, He Wang, Jianing Cao, Chenliang Ying, Xiaoling Wei, Yingming Yu, Zhiying Shao, Jie Dong, Hengjin Yang, Min Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) impairs patient physical activity, recognition and life quality, which is difficult to perceive but should not be underestimated. Worldwide efforts have been made to lower ID burden, however, whether it decreased equally in different regions and sexes is unclear. This study is to examine regional and sex inequalities in global ID from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, comparative burden-of-disease study. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of ID were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Report 2017. Human Development Index (HDI) data were obtained from Human Development Report 2017. Gini coefficient and the concentration index were calculated to assess the equities in global burden of ID. RESULTS: A downward trend of global ID burden (from 569.3 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 387.8–815.6) to 403.0 (95% UI: 272.4–586.6), p < 0.001), age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population) but an uptrend of its inequalities (from 0.366 to 0.431, p < 0.001, Gini coefficients) was observed between 1990 and 2017. ID burden was heavier in women than that in men ([age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population from 742.2 to 514.3] vs [from 398.5 to 291.9]), but its inequalities were higher in men since 1990. The between-sex gap of ID burden was narrowed with higher HDI (β = − 364.11, p < 0.001). East Asia & Pacific and South Asia regions made a big stride for ID control in both sexes over decades [age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population from 378.7 (95% UI: 255.8–551.7) in 1990 to 138.9 (95%UI: 91.8–206.5) in 2017], while a heavy burden among Sub-Saharan African men was persistent[age-adjusted DALYs per 100,000 population, 572.5 (95% UI: 385.3–815) in 1990 and 562.6 (95% UI: 367.9–833.3) in 2017]. CONCLUSIONS: Redistributing attention and resources to help countries with low HDI, especially take care of women with low socioeconomic status (SES) and men under high ID burden may help hold back the expanding ID inequality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00771-3. BioMed Central 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8933942/ /pubmed/35303854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00771-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Wang, Mengying Gao, He Wang, Jianing Cao, Chenliang Ying, Xiaoling Wei, Yingming Yu, Zhiying Shao, Jie Dong, Hengjin Yang, Min Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title | Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title_full | Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title_fullStr | Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title_full_unstemmed | Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title_short | Global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990–2017 |
title_sort | global burden and inequality of iron deficiency: findings from the global burden of disease datasets 1990–2017 |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8933942/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35303854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-022-00771-3 |
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