Can the LACE Index help Identify Uninsured Patients at Risk of Loss to Follow-Up during a Pharmacist-led Transitions of Care Program?

BACKGROUND: Uninsured patients are susceptible to being lost to follow-up (LTFU). In addition to being uninsured, follow-up is especially critical among this population during transitions of care when patients are discharged from the hospital setting back to home because follow-up care post-discharge has been proven to prevent readmissions. The LACE tool has historically been used to predict readmissions, but the LACE tool has not been used to evaluate patients’ risk of LTFU. OBJECTIVE: To understand the potential translation of the LACE tool for use in uninsured patients’ follow-up care, we assessed the association between LACE index scores and patients’ risk of LTFU during a pharmacist-led transitions of care program for uninsured patients. METHODS: Data were extracted from a randomized controlled trial implementing a pharmacist-led transitions of care program at an indigent care clinic. The study population included uninsured adult (> 18 years old) patients who spoke English and attended a clinical visit with a pharmacist within 16-days post-discharge from a community hospital. Analyses sought to determine factors associated with the patient’s LTFU status. RESULTS: Among 88 enrolled participants, 29 (32.95%) participants were LTFU. Thirty-two patients (36.4%) had a high LACE index score at baseline, indicating an increased risk of 30-day readmission. Of the remaining 56 (63.6%) patients with low/moderate LACE index scores, 54 (61.4%) had a moderate LACE index score, and only 2 (2.3%) had a low LACE index score. Uninsured patients with high LACE index scores had 70% lower odds of being LTFU than uninsured patients with low/moderate LACE index scores (exact odds ratio = 0.297; 95% CI, 0.081-0.947). CONCLUSIONS: The LACE index score was inversely related to the risk of LTFU during a pharmacist-led transitions of care program. Pharmacists may use the LACE tool to identify patients at high risk of LTFU.