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Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae)
BACKGROUND: The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on Ischnotoma species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgen...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35317074 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13123 |
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author | Gouvêa, Jéssica Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. |
author_facet | Gouvêa, Jéssica Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. |
author_sort | Gouvêa, Jéssica |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on Ischnotoma species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgenera I. (Icriomastax), I. (Ischnotoma), and I. (Neotipula). This paper aims to test if the three subgenera are recoverable using this set of morphometric data. METHODS: Twenty-two landmarks were selected on the wing, mostly located on the radial and medial veins. A Regression Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a Shape Coordinates PCA and a Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were used to test the variations among individuals, wing shape and groups. RESULTS: For all analyses, the species of Ischnotoma (Neotipula) has a strong dissociation from the remaining species and the CVA shows a complete separation of the three subgenera. This study represents the first insight for a new assessment of Ischnotoma and the first step to giving a possible new status for I. (Neotipula). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8934531 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89345312022-03-21 Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) Gouvêa, Jéssica Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. PeerJ Biogeography BACKGROUND: The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on Ischnotoma species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgenera I. (Icriomastax), I. (Ischnotoma), and I. (Neotipula). This paper aims to test if the three subgenera are recoverable using this set of morphometric data. METHODS: Twenty-two landmarks were selected on the wing, mostly located on the radial and medial veins. A Regression Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a Shape Coordinates PCA and a Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were used to test the variations among individuals, wing shape and groups. RESULTS: For all analyses, the species of Ischnotoma (Neotipula) has a strong dissociation from the remaining species and the CVA shows a complete separation of the three subgenera. This study represents the first insight for a new assessment of Ischnotoma and the first step to giving a possible new status for I. (Neotipula). PeerJ Inc. 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8934531/ /pubmed/35317074 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13123 Text en ©2022 Gouvêa and Gil-Azevedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Biogeography Gouvêa, Jéssica Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title | Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title_full | Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title_fullStr | Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title_full_unstemmed | Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title_short | Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae) |
title_sort | geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus ischnotoma skuse (diptera, tipulidae) |
topic | Biogeography |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35317074 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13123 |
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