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Ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-recognize the Omicron variant

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (VOC) has destabilized global efforts to control the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent data have suggested that B.1.1.529 can readily infect people with natura...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gao, Yu, Cai, Curtis, Grifoni, Alba, Müller, Thomas R., Niessl, Julia, Olofsson, Anna, Humbert, Marion, Hansson, Lotta, Österborg, Anders, Bergman, Peter, Chen, Puran, Olsson, Annika, Sandberg, Johan K., Weiskopf, Daniela, Price, David A., Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf, Karlsson, Annika C., Sette, Alessandro, Aleman, Soo, Buggert, Marcus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35042228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01700-x
Descripción
Sumario:The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern (VOC) has destabilized global efforts to control the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent data have suggested that B.1.1.529 can readily infect people with naturally acquired or vaccine-induced immunity, facilitated in some cases by viral escape from antibodies that neutralize ancestral SARS-CoV-2. However, severe disease appears to be relatively uncommon in such individuals, highlighting a potential role for other components of the adaptive immune system. We report here that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against B.1.1.529. The median relative frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) T cells that cross-recognized B.1.1.529 in previously infected or BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals were 84% and 91%, respectively, and the corresponding median relative frequencies for SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8(+) T cells were 70% and 92%, respectively. Pairwise comparisons across groups further revealed that SARS-CoV-2 spike-reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were functionally and phenotypically similar in response to the ancestral strain or B.1.1.529. Collectively, our data indicate that established SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, especially after BNT162b2 vaccination, remain largely intact against B.1.1.529.