Cargando…

Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine population-based prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated factors in Nepal. STUDY DESIGN: The study was a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally repres...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Poudyal, Anil, Karki, Khem Bahadur, Shrestha, Namuna, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Mahato, Namra Kumar, Bista, Bihungum, Ghimire, Laxmi, KC, Dirghayu, Gyanwali, Pradip, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa, Kuch, Ulrich, Groneberg, David A, Sharma, Sanjib Kumar, Dhimal, Meghnath
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35314475
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057509
_version_ 1784672600810586112
author Poudyal, Anil
Karki, Khem Bahadur
Shrestha, Namuna
Aryal, Krishna Kumar
Mahato, Namra Kumar
Bista, Bihungum
Ghimire, Laxmi
KC, Dirghayu
Gyanwali, Pradip
Jha, Anjani Kumar
Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
Kuch, Ulrich
Groneberg, David A
Sharma, Sanjib Kumar
Dhimal, Meghnath
author_facet Poudyal, Anil
Karki, Khem Bahadur
Shrestha, Namuna
Aryal, Krishna Kumar
Mahato, Namra Kumar
Bista, Bihungum
Ghimire, Laxmi
KC, Dirghayu
Gyanwali, Pradip
Jha, Anjani Kumar
Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
Kuch, Ulrich
Groneberg, David A
Sharma, Sanjib Kumar
Dhimal, Meghnath
author_sort Poudyal, Anil
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine population-based prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated factors in Nepal. STUDY DESIGN: The study was a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally representative sample of 12 109 Nepalese adult from 2016 to 2018 on selected chronic non-communicable diseases was examined. Multistage cluster sampling with a mix of probability proportionate to size and systematic random sampling was used for the selection of individuals aged 20 years and above. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome in this study was population-based prevalence of CKD in Nepal. A participant was considered to have CKD if the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was greater than or equal to 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate is less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline and in follow-up using modification of diet in renal disease study equations. The secondary outcome measure was factors associated with CKD in Nepal. The covariate adjusted association of risk factors and CKD was calculated using multivariable binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD in Nepal was 6.0% (95% CI 5.5 to 6.6). Factors independently associated with CKD included older age (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.6), Dalit caste (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), hypertension (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.0), diabetes mellitus (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 4.1), raised total cholesterol (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.6) and increased waist-to-hip ratio (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3). CONCLUSION: This nationally representative study shows that the prevalence of CKD in the adult population of Nepal is substantial, and it is independently associated with several cardiometabolic traits. These findings warrant longitudinal studies to identify the causes of CKD in Nepal and effective strategies to prevent it.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8938697
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89386972022-04-11 Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study Poudyal, Anil Karki, Khem Bahadur Shrestha, Namuna Aryal, Krishna Kumar Mahato, Namra Kumar Bista, Bihungum Ghimire, Laxmi KC, Dirghayu Gyanwali, Pradip Jha, Anjani Kumar Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa Kuch, Ulrich Groneberg, David A Sharma, Sanjib Kumar Dhimal, Meghnath BMJ Open Renal Medicine OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine population-based prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated factors in Nepal. STUDY DESIGN: The study was a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey conducted in a nationally representative sample of 12 109 Nepalese adult from 2016 to 2018 on selected chronic non-communicable diseases was examined. Multistage cluster sampling with a mix of probability proportionate to size and systematic random sampling was used for the selection of individuals aged 20 years and above. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome in this study was population-based prevalence of CKD in Nepal. A participant was considered to have CKD if the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was greater than or equal to 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate is less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline and in follow-up using modification of diet in renal disease study equations. The secondary outcome measure was factors associated with CKD in Nepal. The covariate adjusted association of risk factors and CKD was calculated using multivariable binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD in Nepal was 6.0% (95% CI 5.5 to 6.6). Factors independently associated with CKD included older age (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.6), Dalit caste (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), hypertension (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.0), diabetes mellitus (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 4.1), raised total cholesterol (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.6) and increased waist-to-hip ratio (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3). CONCLUSION: This nationally representative study shows that the prevalence of CKD in the adult population of Nepal is substantial, and it is independently associated with several cardiometabolic traits. These findings warrant longitudinal studies to identify the causes of CKD in Nepal and effective strategies to prevent it. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8938697/ /pubmed/35314475 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057509 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Renal Medicine
Poudyal, Anil
Karki, Khem Bahadur
Shrestha, Namuna
Aryal, Krishna Kumar
Mahato, Namra Kumar
Bista, Bihungum
Ghimire, Laxmi
KC, Dirghayu
Gyanwali, Pradip
Jha, Anjani Kumar
Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
Kuch, Ulrich
Groneberg, David A
Sharma, Sanjib Kumar
Dhimal, Meghnath
Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in Nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in nepal: evidence from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study
topic Renal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35314475
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057509
work_keys_str_mv AT poudyalanil prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT karkikhembahadur prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT shresthanamuna prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT aryalkrishnakumar prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT mahatonamrakumar prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT bistabihungum prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT ghimirelaxmi prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT kcdirghayu prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT gyanwalipradip prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT jhaanjanikumar prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT garcialarsenvanessa prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT kuchulrich prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT gronebergdavida prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT sharmasanjibkumar prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
AT dhimalmeghnath prevalenceandriskfactorsassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseinnepalevidencefromanationallyrepresentativepopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy