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A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress

1. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading t...

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Autores principales: Cook, Katie M., Yamagiwa, Hirotaka, Beger, Maria, Masucci, Giovanni Diego, Ross, Stuart, Lee, Hui Yian Theodora, Stuart‐Smith, Rick D., Reimer, James Davis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8939291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356574
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8736
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author Cook, Katie M.
Yamagiwa, Hirotaka
Beger, Maria
Masucci, Giovanni Diego
Ross, Stuart
Lee, Hui Yian Theodora
Stuart‐Smith, Rick D.
Reimer, James Davis
author_facet Cook, Katie M.
Yamagiwa, Hirotaka
Beger, Maria
Masucci, Giovanni Diego
Ross, Stuart
Lee, Hui Yian Theodora
Stuart‐Smith, Rick D.
Reimer, James Davis
author_sort Cook, Katie M.
collection PubMed
description 1. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity. 2. There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events. 3. Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. 4. We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m). 5. We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value.
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spelling pubmed-89392912022-03-29 A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress Cook, Katie M. Yamagiwa, Hirotaka Beger, Maria Masucci, Giovanni Diego Ross, Stuart Lee, Hui Yian Theodora Stuart‐Smith, Rick D. Reimer, James Davis Ecol Evol Research Articles 1. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity. 2. There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events. 3. Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. 4. We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m). 5. We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8939291/ /pubmed/35356574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8736 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Cook, Katie M.
Yamagiwa, Hirotaka
Beger, Maria
Masucci, Giovanni Diego
Ross, Stuart
Lee, Hui Yian Theodora
Stuart‐Smith, Rick D.
Reimer, James Davis
A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title_full A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title_fullStr A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title_full_unstemmed A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title_short A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
title_sort community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8939291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356574
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8736
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