Methoxyfenozide tolerance in Chrysoperla carnea: Inheritance, dominance and preliminary detoxification mechanisms

Lacewings exist in insecticide-dominant cropping systems. They are prime biological control agents due to outstanding ability of insecticide resistance development. This study examines occurrence of methoxyfenozide resistance and its subsequent effects on cross-resistance to other insecticides, inheritance and mechanism of resistance in C. carnea. Methoxy-SEL strain of C. carnea selected for 15 generations developed 3531.67-fold resistance to methoxyfenozide. Overlapping fiducial limits of LC(50)s of F(1) and F(1’) (reciprocal crosses) suggested an autosomal and incompletely dominant mode of inheritance. Resistance to methoxyfenozide was polygenic and its realized heritability value was high (h(2) = 0.62). Both PBO and DEF significantly changed LC(50)s indicating cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and esterases detoxifying the resistance in Methoxy-SEL strain. Resistance to all tested insecticide was unstable but decrease rate was very negligible. These results have implications forpreservation of biological control and effective use in insecticide-dominant cropping systems.