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Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task
Forgoing immediate satisfaction for higher pay-offs in the future (delayed gratification) could be adaptive in situations that wild animals may encounter. To explain species-differences in self-control, hypotheses based on social complexity, feeding ecology, brain size and metabolic rate have been p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8940755/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34671864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01565-6 |
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author | Brucks, Désirée Petelle, Matthew Baldoni, Cecilia Krasheninnikova, Anastasia Rovegno, Eleonora von Bayern, Auguste M. P. |
author_facet | Brucks, Désirée Petelle, Matthew Baldoni, Cecilia Krasheninnikova, Anastasia Rovegno, Eleonora von Bayern, Auguste M. P. |
author_sort | Brucks, Désirée |
collection | PubMed |
description | Forgoing immediate satisfaction for higher pay-offs in the future (delayed gratification) could be adaptive in situations that wild animals may encounter. To explain species-differences in self-control, hypotheses based on social complexity, feeding ecology, brain size and metabolic rate have been proposed. To explore these hypotheses in a comparative setting, we tested three macaw species (neotropical parrots)—great green macaws (N = 8), blue-throated macaws (N = 6), blue-headed macaws (N = 6)—and the distantly related African grey parrots (afrotropical parrots; N = 8) in a modified rotating tray task, in which subjects are required to inhibit consuming a constantly available low-quality reward in favour of a high-quality reward that becomes available only after an increasing delay (min. 5 s, max. 60 s). All four species successfully waited for a minimum of 8.3 s ± 11.7 s (group level mean ± SD) with African greys reaching a delay of 29.4 ± 15.2 s, and great green macaws—as best performing macaw species—tolerating delays of 20 s ± 8 s. The best performing African grey individual reached a maximum delay of 50 s, whereas, a great green and a blue-throated macaw tolerated a delay of 30 s max. Females tolerated higher maximum delays than males. Engaging in distraction behaviours enhanced waiting performance across species and all birds were able to anticipate the waiting duration. Our results suggest that both feeding and socio-ecological complexity may be a factor in self-control, but further systematically collected comparative data on self-control of different (parrot) species are required to test the evolutionary hypotheses rigorously. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10071-021-01565-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8940755 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89407552022-04-07 Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task Brucks, Désirée Petelle, Matthew Baldoni, Cecilia Krasheninnikova, Anastasia Rovegno, Eleonora von Bayern, Auguste M. P. Anim Cogn Original Paper Forgoing immediate satisfaction for higher pay-offs in the future (delayed gratification) could be adaptive in situations that wild animals may encounter. To explain species-differences in self-control, hypotheses based on social complexity, feeding ecology, brain size and metabolic rate have been proposed. To explore these hypotheses in a comparative setting, we tested three macaw species (neotropical parrots)—great green macaws (N = 8), blue-throated macaws (N = 6), blue-headed macaws (N = 6)—and the distantly related African grey parrots (afrotropical parrots; N = 8) in a modified rotating tray task, in which subjects are required to inhibit consuming a constantly available low-quality reward in favour of a high-quality reward that becomes available only after an increasing delay (min. 5 s, max. 60 s). All four species successfully waited for a minimum of 8.3 s ± 11.7 s (group level mean ± SD) with African greys reaching a delay of 29.4 ± 15.2 s, and great green macaws—as best performing macaw species—tolerating delays of 20 s ± 8 s. The best performing African grey individual reached a maximum delay of 50 s, whereas, a great green and a blue-throated macaw tolerated a delay of 30 s max. Females tolerated higher maximum delays than males. Engaging in distraction behaviours enhanced waiting performance across species and all birds were able to anticipate the waiting duration. Our results suggest that both feeding and socio-ecological complexity may be a factor in self-control, but further systematically collected comparative data on self-control of different (parrot) species are required to test the evolutionary hypotheses rigorously. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10071-021-01565-6. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-10-21 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8940755/ /pubmed/34671864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01565-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Brucks, Désirée Petelle, Matthew Baldoni, Cecilia Krasheninnikova, Anastasia Rovegno, Eleonora von Bayern, Auguste M. P. Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title | Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title_full | Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title_fullStr | Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title_full_unstemmed | Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title_short | Intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
title_sort | intra- and interspecific variation in self-control capacities of parrots in a delay of gratification task |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8940755/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34671864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01565-6 |
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