Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors

Italy is definitely a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the last 50 years, several epidemiological studies, including longitudinal surveys, have disclosed that MS incidence and prevalence in Italy mainland and Islands (Sardinia and Sicily) have progressively increased, picturing a...

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Autores principales: Puthenparampil, M., Perini, P., Bergamaschi, R., Capobianco, M., Filippi, M., Gallo, P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8940874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34580756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10782-5
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author Puthenparampil, M.
Perini, P.
Bergamaschi, R.
Capobianco, M.
Filippi, M.
Gallo, P.
author_facet Puthenparampil, M.
Perini, P.
Bergamaschi, R.
Capobianco, M.
Filippi, M.
Gallo, P.
author_sort Puthenparampil, M.
collection PubMed
description Italy is definitely a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the last 50 years, several epidemiological studies, including longitudinal surveys, have disclosed that MS incidence and prevalence in Italy mainland and Islands (Sardinia and Sicily) have progressively increased, picturing a semi-parabolic curve. Based on the comprehensive scrutiny of 58 papers, we conclude that the latitude risk gradient does not fit to the Italian map of MS. The genetic heterogeneity of the Italian ethnicities, that likely forms the basis of MS predisposition, does not account for the dramatic increase of MS incidence and prevalence observed in Italy over the last half century that, rather, seems better explained by the effect of environmental factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10782-5.
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spelling pubmed-89408742022-04-07 Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors Puthenparampil, M. Perini, P. Bergamaschi, R. Capobianco, M. Filippi, M. Gallo, P. J Neurol Review Italy is definitely a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the last 50 years, several epidemiological studies, including longitudinal surveys, have disclosed that MS incidence and prevalence in Italy mainland and Islands (Sardinia and Sicily) have progressively increased, picturing a semi-parabolic curve. Based on the comprehensive scrutiny of 58 papers, we conclude that the latitude risk gradient does not fit to the Italian map of MS. The genetic heterogeneity of the Italian ethnicities, that likely forms the basis of MS predisposition, does not account for the dramatic increase of MS incidence and prevalence observed in Italy over the last half century that, rather, seems better explained by the effect of environmental factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10782-5. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-09-27 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8940874/ /pubmed/34580756 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10782-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Puthenparampil, M.
Perini, P.
Bergamaschi, R.
Capobianco, M.
Filippi, M.
Gallo, P.
Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title_full Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title_fullStr Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title_full_unstemmed Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title_short Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
title_sort multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in italy highlight the environmental risk factors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8940874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34580756
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10782-5
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