Provide energy-aware routing protocol in wireless sensor networks using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm and mobile sink

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include small sensor nodes with battery and processing power and limited memory units then improving power consumption is a major design challenge for any sensor network. In this paper, a new algorithm for routing in the wireless sensor network is proposed using the ultra-innovative algorithm for bacterial Foraging and mobile sink, which leads to energy efficiency. In the proposed method, the number of sensor nodes is determined according to two criteria: the amount of energy on the battery surface and the distance to the sink ahead, which leads to the formation of regular clusters in the network. Nodes adopt a multi-step routing scheme within the network to communicate with the sink. also, the mobile sink is used to balance the load and help consume uniform energy throughout the network. The simulation results show better performance of the proposed method in terms of energy consumption by 17.99%, throughput rate by 30.04%, end-to-end delay by 46.04%, signal-to-noise ratio by 32.81%, delivery rate successfully Data to the sink is 0.80 times higher than the AFSRP (Artificial Fish Swarm Routing Protocol).