Cargando…
Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to pro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35340807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702 |
_version_ | 1784673379700178944 |
---|---|
author | Finkensieper, Julia Issmail, Leila Fertey, Jasmin Rockstroh, Alexandra Schopf, Simone Standfest, Bastian Thoma, Martin Grunwald, Thomas Ulbert, Sebastian |
author_facet | Finkensieper, Julia Issmail, Leila Fertey, Jasmin Rockstroh, Alexandra Schopf, Simone Standfest, Bastian Thoma, Martin Grunwald, Thomas Ulbert, Sebastian |
author_sort | Finkensieper, Julia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to protect against TBEV-induced disease are widely used and most of them consist of whole viruses, which are inactivated by formaldehyde. Although this production process is well established, it has several drawbacks, including the usage of hazardous chemicals, the long inactivation times required and the potential modification of antigens by formaldehyde. As an alternative to chemical treatment, low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is known to efficiently inactivate pathogens by predominantly damaging nucleic acids. In contrast to other methods of ionizing radiation, LEEI does not require substantial shielding constructions and can be used in standard laboratories. Here, we have analyzed the potential of LEEI to generate a TBEV vaccine and immunized mice with three doses of irradiated or chemically inactivated TBEV. LEEI-inactivated TBEV induced binding antibodies of higher titer compared to the formaldehyde-inactivated virus. This was also observed for the avidity of the antibodies measured after the second dose. After viral challenge, the mice immunized with LEEI- or formaldehyde-inactivated TBEV were completely protected from disease and had no detectable virus in the central nervous system. Taken together, the results indicate that LEEI could be an alternative to chemical inactivation for the production of a TBEV vaccine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8942778 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89427782022-03-25 Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine Finkensieper, Julia Issmail, Leila Fertey, Jasmin Rockstroh, Alexandra Schopf, Simone Standfest, Bastian Thoma, Martin Grunwald, Thomas Ulbert, Sebastian Front Immunol Immunology Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to protect against TBEV-induced disease are widely used and most of them consist of whole viruses, which are inactivated by formaldehyde. Although this production process is well established, it has several drawbacks, including the usage of hazardous chemicals, the long inactivation times required and the potential modification of antigens by formaldehyde. As an alternative to chemical treatment, low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is known to efficiently inactivate pathogens by predominantly damaging nucleic acids. In contrast to other methods of ionizing radiation, LEEI does not require substantial shielding constructions and can be used in standard laboratories. Here, we have analyzed the potential of LEEI to generate a TBEV vaccine and immunized mice with three doses of irradiated or chemically inactivated TBEV. LEEI-inactivated TBEV induced binding antibodies of higher titer compared to the formaldehyde-inactivated virus. This was also observed for the avidity of the antibodies measured after the second dose. After viral challenge, the mice immunized with LEEI- or formaldehyde-inactivated TBEV were completely protected from disease and had no detectable virus in the central nervous system. Taken together, the results indicate that LEEI could be an alternative to chemical inactivation for the production of a TBEV vaccine. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8942778/ /pubmed/35340807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702 Text en Copyright © 2022 Finkensieper, Issmail, Fertey, Rockstroh, Schopf, Standfest, Thoma, Grunwald and Ulbert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Finkensieper, Julia Issmail, Leila Fertey, Jasmin Rockstroh, Alexandra Schopf, Simone Standfest, Bastian Thoma, Martin Grunwald, Thomas Ulbert, Sebastian Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title_full | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title_fullStr | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title_full_unstemmed | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title_short | Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine |
title_sort | low-energy electron irradiation of tick-borne encephalitis virus provides a protective inactivated vaccine |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942778/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35340807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT finkensieperjulia lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT issmailleila lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT ferteyjasmin lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT rockstrohalexandra lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT schopfsimone lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT standfestbastian lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT thomamartin lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT grunwaldthomas lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine AT ulbertsebastian lowenergyelectronirradiationoftickborneencephalitisvirusprovidesaprotectiveinactivatedvaccine |