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Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to pro...

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Autores principales: Finkensieper, Julia, Issmail, Leila, Fertey, Jasmin, Rockstroh, Alexandra, Schopf, Simone, Standfest, Bastian, Thoma, Martin, Grunwald, Thomas, Ulbert, Sebastian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35340807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702
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author Finkensieper, Julia
Issmail, Leila
Fertey, Jasmin
Rockstroh, Alexandra
Schopf, Simone
Standfest, Bastian
Thoma, Martin
Grunwald, Thomas
Ulbert, Sebastian
author_facet Finkensieper, Julia
Issmail, Leila
Fertey, Jasmin
Rockstroh, Alexandra
Schopf, Simone
Standfest, Bastian
Thoma, Martin
Grunwald, Thomas
Ulbert, Sebastian
author_sort Finkensieper, Julia
collection PubMed
description Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to protect against TBEV-induced disease are widely used and most of them consist of whole viruses, which are inactivated by formaldehyde. Although this production process is well established, it has several drawbacks, including the usage of hazardous chemicals, the long inactivation times required and the potential modification of antigens by formaldehyde. As an alternative to chemical treatment, low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is known to efficiently inactivate pathogens by predominantly damaging nucleic acids. In contrast to other methods of ionizing radiation, LEEI does not require substantial shielding constructions and can be used in standard laboratories. Here, we have analyzed the potential of LEEI to generate a TBEV vaccine and immunized mice with three doses of irradiated or chemically inactivated TBEV. LEEI-inactivated TBEV induced binding antibodies of higher titer compared to the formaldehyde-inactivated virus. This was also observed for the avidity of the antibodies measured after the second dose. After viral challenge, the mice immunized with LEEI- or formaldehyde-inactivated TBEV were completely protected from disease and had no detectable virus in the central nervous system. Taken together, the results indicate that LEEI could be an alternative to chemical inactivation for the production of a TBEV vaccine.
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spelling pubmed-89427782022-03-25 Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine Finkensieper, Julia Issmail, Leila Fertey, Jasmin Rockstroh, Alexandra Schopf, Simone Standfest, Bastian Thoma, Martin Grunwald, Thomas Ulbert, Sebastian Front Immunol Immunology Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus which is endemic in many European and Asian countries. Humans can get infected with TBEV usually via ticks, and possible symptoms of the infection range from fever to severe neurological complications such as encephalitis. Vaccines to protect against TBEV-induced disease are widely used and most of them consist of whole viruses, which are inactivated by formaldehyde. Although this production process is well established, it has several drawbacks, including the usage of hazardous chemicals, the long inactivation times required and the potential modification of antigens by formaldehyde. As an alternative to chemical treatment, low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is known to efficiently inactivate pathogens by predominantly damaging nucleic acids. In contrast to other methods of ionizing radiation, LEEI does not require substantial shielding constructions and can be used in standard laboratories. Here, we have analyzed the potential of LEEI to generate a TBEV vaccine and immunized mice with three doses of irradiated or chemically inactivated TBEV. LEEI-inactivated TBEV induced binding antibodies of higher titer compared to the formaldehyde-inactivated virus. This was also observed for the avidity of the antibodies measured after the second dose. After viral challenge, the mice immunized with LEEI- or formaldehyde-inactivated TBEV were completely protected from disease and had no detectable virus in the central nervous system. Taken together, the results indicate that LEEI could be an alternative to chemical inactivation for the production of a TBEV vaccine. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8942778/ /pubmed/35340807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702 Text en Copyright © 2022 Finkensieper, Issmail, Fertey, Rockstroh, Schopf, Standfest, Thoma, Grunwald and Ulbert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Finkensieper, Julia
Issmail, Leila
Fertey, Jasmin
Rockstroh, Alexandra
Schopf, Simone
Standfest, Bastian
Thoma, Martin
Grunwald, Thomas
Ulbert, Sebastian
Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title_full Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title_fullStr Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title_short Low-Energy Electron Irradiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Provides a Protective Inactivated Vaccine
title_sort low-energy electron irradiation of tick-borne encephalitis virus provides a protective inactivated vaccine
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35340807
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.825702
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