Pediatric Sleep Medicine Cases

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: In this review, we will discuss commonly encountered pediatric sleep disorders, their clinical presentations, evaluation, and management. RECENT FINDINGS: Sleep problems are common complaints in the pediatric population with an estimated prevalence of at least 25%. This review examines frequently seen pediatric sleep disorders including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders, parasomnias, and movement disorders. Their clinical manifestations vary, but left untreated, these sleep disorders result in significant impairment. A detailed sleep history is key component in the evaluation process. Other useful tools include sleep diaries, questionnaires, and actigraphy. Polysomnography is often required for diagnosis. Treatment varies depending on the underlying sleep disorder. Pharmacologic treatment is often limited due to the lack of studies of safety and efficacy in the pediatric population. SUMMARY: Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in the pediatric population. Their clinical manifestations vary, though without treatment, many result in significant impairment. Detailed sleep history is an essential part of the evaluation process, though polysomnography is often required. Treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis.