Electrochemical CO(2) reduction - The macroscopic world of electrode design, reactor concepts & economic aspects

For the efficient electrochemical conversion of CO(2) into valuable chemical feedstocks, a well-coordinated interaction of all electrolyzer compartments is required. In addition to the catalyst, whose role is described in detail in the part “Electrochemical CO(2) Reduction toward Multicarbon Alcohols - The Microscopic World of Catalysts & Process Conditions” of this divided review, the general cell setups, design and manufacture of the electrodes, membranes used, and process parameters must be optimally matched. The authors' goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on how these aspects affect the overall performance of CO(2) electrolysis. To be economically competitive as an overall process, the framework conditions, i.e., CO(2) supply and reaction product treatment must also be considered. If the key indicators for current density, selectivity, cell voltage, and lifetime of a CO(2) electrolyzer mentioned in the techno-economic consideration of this review are met, electrochemical CO(2) reduction can make a valuable contribution to the creation of closed carbon cycles and to a sustainable energy economy.