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Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled ext...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35326824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361 |
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author | Quirino, Angela Giorgi, Valeria Palma, Ernesto Marascio, Nadia Morelli, Paola Maletta, Angelo Divenuto, Francesca De Angelis, Giuseppe Tancrè, Valentina Nucera, Saverio Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Mollace, Vincenzo Liberto, Maria Carla Matera, Giovanni |
author_facet | Quirino, Angela Giorgi, Valeria Palma, Ernesto Marascio, Nadia Morelli, Paola Maletta, Angelo Divenuto, Francesca De Angelis, Giuseppe Tancrè, Valentina Nucera, Saverio Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Mollace, Vincenzo Liberto, Maria Carla Matera, Giovanni |
author_sort | Quirino, Angela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8944555 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89445552022-03-25 Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates Quirino, Angela Giorgi, Valeria Palma, Ernesto Marascio, Nadia Morelli, Paola Maletta, Angelo Divenuto, Francesca De Angelis, Giuseppe Tancrè, Valentina Nucera, Saverio Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Mollace, Vincenzo Liberto, Maria Carla Matera, Giovanni Antibiotics (Basel) Article Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens. MDPI 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8944555/ /pubmed/35326824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Quirino, Angela Giorgi, Valeria Palma, Ernesto Marascio, Nadia Morelli, Paola Maletta, Angelo Divenuto, Francesca De Angelis, Giuseppe Tancrè, Valentina Nucera, Saverio Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Mollace, Vincenzo Liberto, Maria Carla Matera, Giovanni Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title | Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title_full | Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title_fullStr | Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title_full_unstemmed | Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title_short | Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates |
title_sort | citrus bergamia: kinetics of antimicrobial activity on clinical isolates |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35326824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361 |
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