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Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates

Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled ext...

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Autores principales: Quirino, Angela, Giorgi, Valeria, Palma, Ernesto, Marascio, Nadia, Morelli, Paola, Maletta, Angelo, Divenuto, Francesca, De Angelis, Giuseppe, Tancrè, Valentina, Nucera, Saverio, Gliozzi, Micaela, Musolino, Vincenzo, Carresi, Cristina, Mollace, Vincenzo, Liberto, Maria Carla, Matera, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35326824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361
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author Quirino, Angela
Giorgi, Valeria
Palma, Ernesto
Marascio, Nadia
Morelli, Paola
Maletta, Angelo
Divenuto, Francesca
De Angelis, Giuseppe
Tancrè, Valentina
Nucera, Saverio
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Mollace, Vincenzo
Liberto, Maria Carla
Matera, Giovanni
author_facet Quirino, Angela
Giorgi, Valeria
Palma, Ernesto
Marascio, Nadia
Morelli, Paola
Maletta, Angelo
Divenuto, Francesca
De Angelis, Giuseppe
Tancrè, Valentina
Nucera, Saverio
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Mollace, Vincenzo
Liberto, Maria Carla
Matera, Giovanni
author_sort Quirino, Angela
collection PubMed
description Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-89445552022-03-25 Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates Quirino, Angela Giorgi, Valeria Palma, Ernesto Marascio, Nadia Morelli, Paola Maletta, Angelo Divenuto, Francesca De Angelis, Giuseppe Tancrè, Valentina Nucera, Saverio Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Mollace, Vincenzo Liberto, Maria Carla Matera, Giovanni Antibiotics (Basel) Article Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens. MDPI 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8944555/ /pubmed/35326824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Quirino, Angela
Giorgi, Valeria
Palma, Ernesto
Marascio, Nadia
Morelli, Paola
Maletta, Angelo
Divenuto, Francesca
De Angelis, Giuseppe
Tancrè, Valentina
Nucera, Saverio
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Mollace, Vincenzo
Liberto, Maria Carla
Matera, Giovanni
Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title_full Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title_fullStr Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title_full_unstemmed Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title_short Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates
title_sort citrus bergamia: kinetics of antimicrobial activity on clinical isolates
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35326824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030361
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