Cargando…

Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Periodontitis, referred to as gum disease, is a serious bacterial infection that damages the surrounding structures of the teeth, including the bones, lastly resulting in tooth loss without prompt treatment. The disease primarily occurs as a result of improper maintenance of the oral...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mahendra, Jaideep, Palathingal, Plato, Mahendra, Little, Alzahrani, Khalid J., Banjer, Hamsa Jameel, Alsharif, Khalaf F., Halawani, Ibrahim Faisal, Muralidharan, Janani, Annamalai, Pandapulaykal T., Verma, Shyam Sankar, Sharma, Vivek, Varadarajan, Saranya, Bhandi, Shilpa, Patil, Shankargouda
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030451
_version_ 1784673858724298752
author Mahendra, Jaideep
Palathingal, Plato
Mahendra, Little
Alzahrani, Khalid J.
Banjer, Hamsa Jameel
Alsharif, Khalaf F.
Halawani, Ibrahim Faisal
Muralidharan, Janani
Annamalai, Pandapulaykal T.
Verma, Shyam Sankar
Sharma, Vivek
Varadarajan, Saranya
Bhandi, Shilpa
Patil, Shankargouda
author_facet Mahendra, Jaideep
Palathingal, Plato
Mahendra, Little
Alzahrani, Khalid J.
Banjer, Hamsa Jameel
Alsharif, Khalaf F.
Halawani, Ibrahim Faisal
Muralidharan, Janani
Annamalai, Pandapulaykal T.
Verma, Shyam Sankar
Sharma, Vivek
Varadarajan, Saranya
Bhandi, Shilpa
Patil, Shankargouda
author_sort Mahendra, Jaideep
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Periodontitis, referred to as gum disease, is a serious bacterial infection that damages the surrounding structures of the teeth, including the bones, lastly resulting in tooth loss without prompt treatment. The disease primarily occurs as a result of improper maintenance of the oral cavity, eventually causing gum infections, and teeth that are filled with food, tartar, and bacterial deposits. These harmful bacteria under the influence of various environmental and genetic risk factors may migrate to the blood vessels and reach various other organs, including the kidneys, thereby triggering the infection and resulting in the progression of the systemic diseases. In this study, we focused on identifying the levels of gum-disease-causing bacteria and their byproducts, namely, TNF alpha in patients with or without chronic kidney disease. The study comprised 120 participants categorised into 4 groups on the basis of patients who had gum disease and a kidney disorder. Gum, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. The bacteria and their products were assessed and found to be higher in patients having both gum disease and CKD disorder. This study indicates that patients with severe gum disease and poor oral health are at risk of developing kidney problems. Thus, the early prevention of gum ailments might reduce the risk of future kidney diseases. ABSTRACT: Scientific evidence shows a positive association in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various confounding factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammation, also play a significant role in the progression of CKD, which remains unexplored. We hypothesise the role of red complex bacteria with various confounding factors associated with chronic kidney disease. The study comprised a total of 120 participants categorised into 4 groups: the control group (C), periodontitis subjects without CKD (P), periodontally healthy chronic kidney disease subjects (CKD), and subjects having both periodontitis and CKD (P + CKD), with 30 subjects in each group. Demographic variables, and periodontal, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and those of red complex bacteria such as Prophyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Tonerella forsythia (T.f) were assessed, and the obtained results were statistically analysed. Among the various demographic variables, age showed a level of significance. Mean PI, GI, CAL, and PPD (the proportion of sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm) were elevated in the P + CKD group. Diabetic parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels were also greater in the P + CKD group. Renal parameters such as eGFR and serum creatinine levels were greater in CKD patients. The estimation of red complex periodontal pathogens such as Pg, Td and Tf levels were significantly greater in the P and P + CKD groups. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation of red complex bacteria with all variables. Greater levels of P.g, T.d and T.f were found in the P groups, thus indicating their important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation of periodontitis and CKD, with diabetes as one of the confounding factors. The study also confirmed a log-linear relationship between TNF-α levels and red complex bacteria, thereby demonstrating the role of inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal disease progression that could contribute to the development of systemic inflammation such as CKD.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8945045
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89450452022-03-25 Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis Mahendra, Jaideep Palathingal, Plato Mahendra, Little Alzahrani, Khalid J. Banjer, Hamsa Jameel Alsharif, Khalaf F. Halawani, Ibrahim Faisal Muralidharan, Janani Annamalai, Pandapulaykal T. Verma, Shyam Sankar Sharma, Vivek Varadarajan, Saranya Bhandi, Shilpa Patil, Shankargouda Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Periodontitis, referred to as gum disease, is a serious bacterial infection that damages the surrounding structures of the teeth, including the bones, lastly resulting in tooth loss without prompt treatment. The disease primarily occurs as a result of improper maintenance of the oral cavity, eventually causing gum infections, and teeth that are filled with food, tartar, and bacterial deposits. These harmful bacteria under the influence of various environmental and genetic risk factors may migrate to the blood vessels and reach various other organs, including the kidneys, thereby triggering the infection and resulting in the progression of the systemic diseases. In this study, we focused on identifying the levels of gum-disease-causing bacteria and their byproducts, namely, TNF alpha in patients with or without chronic kidney disease. The study comprised 120 participants categorised into 4 groups on the basis of patients who had gum disease and a kidney disorder. Gum, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. The bacteria and their products were assessed and found to be higher in patients having both gum disease and CKD disorder. This study indicates that patients with severe gum disease and poor oral health are at risk of developing kidney problems. Thus, the early prevention of gum ailments might reduce the risk of future kidney diseases. ABSTRACT: Scientific evidence shows a positive association in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various confounding factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammation, also play a significant role in the progression of CKD, which remains unexplored. We hypothesise the role of red complex bacteria with various confounding factors associated with chronic kidney disease. The study comprised a total of 120 participants categorised into 4 groups: the control group (C), periodontitis subjects without CKD (P), periodontally healthy chronic kidney disease subjects (CKD), and subjects having both periodontitis and CKD (P + CKD), with 30 subjects in each group. Demographic variables, and periodontal, renal, and diabetic parameters were recorded. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and those of red complex bacteria such as Prophyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Tonerella forsythia (T.f) were assessed, and the obtained results were statistically analysed. Among the various demographic variables, age showed a level of significance. Mean PI, GI, CAL, and PPD (the proportion of sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm) were elevated in the P + CKD group. Diabetic parameters such as fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels were also greater in the P + CKD group. Renal parameters such as eGFR and serum creatinine levels were greater in CKD patients. The estimation of red complex periodontal pathogens such as Pg, Td and Tf levels were significantly greater in the P and P + CKD groups. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation of red complex bacteria with all variables. Greater levels of P.g, T.d and T.f were found in the P groups, thus indicating their important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation of periodontitis and CKD, with diabetes as one of the confounding factors. The study also confirmed a log-linear relationship between TNF-α levels and red complex bacteria, thereby demonstrating the role of inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal disease progression that could contribute to the development of systemic inflammation such as CKD. MDPI 2022-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8945045/ /pubmed/35336824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030451 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mahendra, Jaideep
Palathingal, Plato
Mahendra, Little
Alzahrani, Khalid J.
Banjer, Hamsa Jameel
Alsharif, Khalaf F.
Halawani, Ibrahim Faisal
Muralidharan, Janani
Annamalai, Pandapulaykal T.
Verma, Shyam Sankar
Sharma, Vivek
Varadarajan, Saranya
Bhandi, Shilpa
Patil, Shankargouda
Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title_full Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title_fullStr Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title_short Impact of Red Complex Bacteria and TNF-α Levels on the Diabetic and Renal Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Presence and Absence of Periodontitis
title_sort impact of red complex bacteria and tnf-α levels on the diabetic and renal status of chronic kidney disease patients in the presence and absence of periodontitis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030451
work_keys_str_mv AT mahendrajaideep impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT palathingalplato impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT mahendralittle impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT alzahranikhalidj impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT banjerhamsajameel impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT alsharifkhalaff impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT halawaniibrahimfaisal impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT muralidharanjanani impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT annamalaipandapulaykalt impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT vermashyamsankar impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT sharmavivek impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT varadarajansaranya impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT bhandishilpa impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis
AT patilshankargouda impactofredcomplexbacteriaandtnfalevelsonthediabeticandrenalstatusofchronickidneydiseasepatientsinthepresenceandabsenceofperiodontitis