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The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence h...

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Autores principales: Halperin, Saar T., ’t Hart, Bert A., Luchicchi, Antonio, Schenk, Geert J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35327408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030606
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author Halperin, Saar T.
’t Hart, Bert A.
Luchicchi, Antonio
Schenk, Geert J.
author_facet Halperin, Saar T.
’t Hart, Bert A.
Luchicchi, Antonio
Schenk, Geert J.
author_sort Halperin, Saar T.
collection PubMed
description Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that implies that autoimmune processes underlying MS may, in fact, be triggered by pathological processes initiated within the CNS. This review focuses on a relatively unexplored immune cell—the “innate-like” B1 lymphocyte. The B1 cell is a primary-natural-antibody- and anti-inflammatory-cytokine-producing cell present in the healthy brain. It has been recently shown that its frequency and function may differ between MS patients and healthy controls, but its exact involvement in the MS pathogenic process remains obscure. In this review, we propose that this enigmatic cell may play a more prominent role in MS pathology than ever imagined. We aim to shed light on the human B1 cell in health and disease, and how dysregulation in its delicate homeostatic role could impact MS. Furthermore, novel therapeutic avenues to restore B1 cells’ beneficial functions will be proposed.
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spelling pubmed-89452272022-03-25 The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis Halperin, Saar T. ’t Hart, Bert A. Luchicchi, Antonio Schenk, Geert J. Biomedicines Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that implies that autoimmune processes underlying MS may, in fact, be triggered by pathological processes initiated within the CNS. This review focuses on a relatively unexplored immune cell—the “innate-like” B1 lymphocyte. The B1 cell is a primary-natural-antibody- and anti-inflammatory-cytokine-producing cell present in the healthy brain. It has been recently shown that its frequency and function may differ between MS patients and healthy controls, but its exact involvement in the MS pathogenic process remains obscure. In this review, we propose that this enigmatic cell may play a more prominent role in MS pathology than ever imagined. We aim to shed light on the human B1 cell in health and disease, and how dysregulation in its delicate homeostatic role could impact MS. Furthermore, novel therapeutic avenues to restore B1 cells’ beneficial functions will be proposed. MDPI 2022-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8945227/ /pubmed/35327408 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030606 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Halperin, Saar T.
’t Hart, Bert A.
Luchicchi, Antonio
Schenk, Geert J.
The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title_short The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort forgotten brother: the innate-like b1 cell in multiple sclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35327408
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030606
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