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Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering

Functional tissue-engineered tendons and ligaments remain to be prepared in a reproducible and scalable manner. This study evaluates an acellular 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold for tendon/ligament tissue engineering and their ability to support strain-induced gene regulation associated with...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Delakowski, Axel J., Posselt, Jared D., Wagner, Christopher T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35324816
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030127
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author Delakowski, Axel J.
Posselt, Jared D.
Wagner, Christopher T.
author_facet Delakowski, Axel J.
Posselt, Jared D.
Wagner, Christopher T.
author_sort Delakowski, Axel J.
collection PubMed
description Functional tissue-engineered tendons and ligaments remain to be prepared in a reproducible and scalable manner. This study evaluates an acellular 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold for tendon/ligament tissue engineering and their ability to support strain-induced gene regulation associated with the tenogenesis of cultured mesenchymal stromal cells. Preliminary data demonstrate unique gene regulation patterns compared to other scaffold forms, in particular in Wnt signaling. However, the need for a robust bioreactor system that minimizes process variation was also evident. A design control process was used to design and verify the functionality of a novel bioreactor. The system accommodates 3D scaffolds with clinically-relevant sizes, is capable of long-term culture with customizable mechanical strain regimens, incorporates in-line load measurement for continuous monitoring and feedback control, and allows a variety of scaffold configurations through a unique modular grip system. All critical functional specifications were met, including verification of physiological strain levels from 1–10%, frequency levels from 0.2–0.5 Hz, and accurate load measurement up to 50 N, which can be expanded on the basis of load cell capability. The design process serves as a model for establishing statistical functionality and reliability of investigative systems. This work sets the stage for detailed analyses of ECM scaffolds to identify critical differentiation signaling responses and essential matrix composition and cell–matrix interactions.
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spelling pubmed-89452282022-03-25 Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering Delakowski, Axel J. Posselt, Jared D. Wagner, Christopher T. Bioengineering (Basel) Article Functional tissue-engineered tendons and ligaments remain to be prepared in a reproducible and scalable manner. This study evaluates an acellular 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold for tendon/ligament tissue engineering and their ability to support strain-induced gene regulation associated with the tenogenesis of cultured mesenchymal stromal cells. Preliminary data demonstrate unique gene regulation patterns compared to other scaffold forms, in particular in Wnt signaling. However, the need for a robust bioreactor system that minimizes process variation was also evident. A design control process was used to design and verify the functionality of a novel bioreactor. The system accommodates 3D scaffolds with clinically-relevant sizes, is capable of long-term culture with customizable mechanical strain regimens, incorporates in-line load measurement for continuous monitoring and feedback control, and allows a variety of scaffold configurations through a unique modular grip system. All critical functional specifications were met, including verification of physiological strain levels from 1–10%, frequency levels from 0.2–0.5 Hz, and accurate load measurement up to 50 N, which can be expanded on the basis of load cell capability. The design process serves as a model for establishing statistical functionality and reliability of investigative systems. This work sets the stage for detailed analyses of ECM scaffolds to identify critical differentiation signaling responses and essential matrix composition and cell–matrix interactions. MDPI 2022-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8945228/ /pubmed/35324816 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030127 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Delakowski, Axel J.
Posselt, Jared D.
Wagner, Christopher T.
Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title_full Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title_fullStr Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title_full_unstemmed Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title_short Modular Bioreactor Design for Directed Tendon/Ligament Tissue Engineering
title_sort modular bioreactor design for directed tendon/ligament tissue engineering
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35324816
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030127
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