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Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Magnetic resonance imaging showed that striatal injury leads to structural changes within several brain areas. Here, we specify these changes via gene expression of synaptic plasticity markers, neuronal markers, assessing the number of newborn cells as well as cell densities. We foun...

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Autores principales: Lukacova, Kristina, Hamaide, Julie, Baciak, Ladislav, Van der Linden, Annemie, Kubikova, Lubica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030425
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author Lukacova, Kristina
Hamaide, Julie
Baciak, Ladislav
Van der Linden, Annemie
Kubikova, Lubica
author_facet Lukacova, Kristina
Hamaide, Julie
Baciak, Ladislav
Van der Linden, Annemie
Kubikova, Lubica
author_sort Lukacova, Kristina
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Magnetic resonance imaging showed that striatal injury leads to structural changes within several brain areas. Here, we specify these changes via gene expression of synaptic plasticity markers, neuronal markers, assessing the number of newborn cells as well as cell densities. We found that the injury resulted in long-lasting modifications involving plasticity and neural protection mechanisms in areas directly as well as indirectly connected with the damaged striatum, including the cerebellum. ABSTRACT: The striatal region Area X plays an important role during song learning, sequencing, and variability in songbirds. A previous study revealed that neurotoxic damage within Area X results in micro and macrostructural changes across the entire brain, including the downstream dorsal thalamus and both the upstream pallial nucleus HVC (proper name) and the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Here, we specify these changes on cellular and gene expression levels. We found decreased cell density in the thalamic and cerebellar areas and HVC, but it was not related to neuronal loss. On the contrary, perineuronal nets (PNNs) in HVC increased for up to 2 months post-lesion, suggesting their protecting role. The synaptic plasticity marker Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) showed a bi-phasic increase at 8 days and 3 months post-lesion, indicating a massive synaptic rebuilding. The later increase in HVC was associated with the increased number of new neurons. These data suggest that the damage in the striatal vocal nucleus induces cellular and gene expression alterations in both the efferent and afferent destinations. These changes may be long-lasting and involve plasticity and neural protection mechanisms in the areas directly connected to the injury site and also to distant areas, such as the cerebellum.
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spelling pubmed-89456992022-03-25 Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels Lukacova, Kristina Hamaide, Julie Baciak, Ladislav Van der Linden, Annemie Kubikova, Lubica Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Magnetic resonance imaging showed that striatal injury leads to structural changes within several brain areas. Here, we specify these changes via gene expression of synaptic plasticity markers, neuronal markers, assessing the number of newborn cells as well as cell densities. We found that the injury resulted in long-lasting modifications involving plasticity and neural protection mechanisms in areas directly as well as indirectly connected with the damaged striatum, including the cerebellum. ABSTRACT: The striatal region Area X plays an important role during song learning, sequencing, and variability in songbirds. A previous study revealed that neurotoxic damage within Area X results in micro and macrostructural changes across the entire brain, including the downstream dorsal thalamus and both the upstream pallial nucleus HVC (proper name) and the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Here, we specify these changes on cellular and gene expression levels. We found decreased cell density in the thalamic and cerebellar areas and HVC, but it was not related to neuronal loss. On the contrary, perineuronal nets (PNNs) in HVC increased for up to 2 months post-lesion, suggesting their protecting role. The synaptic plasticity marker Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) showed a bi-phasic increase at 8 days and 3 months post-lesion, indicating a massive synaptic rebuilding. The later increase in HVC was associated with the increased number of new neurons. These data suggest that the damage in the striatal vocal nucleus induces cellular and gene expression alterations in both the efferent and afferent destinations. These changes may be long-lasting and involve plasticity and neural protection mechanisms in the areas directly connected to the injury site and also to distant areas, such as the cerebellum. MDPI 2022-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8945699/ /pubmed/35336799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030425 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lukacova, Kristina
Hamaide, Julie
Baciak, Ladislav
Van der Linden, Annemie
Kubikova, Lubica
Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title_full Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title_fullStr Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title_full_unstemmed Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title_short Striatal Injury Induces Overall Brain Alteration at the Pallial, Thalamic, and Cerebellar Levels
title_sort striatal injury induces overall brain alteration at the pallial, thalamic, and cerebellar levels
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8945699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030425
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