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Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations

Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host–vector–parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly speci...

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Autores principales: Santolíková, Anežka, Brzoňová, Jana, Čepička, Ivan, Svobodová, Milena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8948672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030584
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author Santolíková, Anežka
Brzoňová, Jana
Čepička, Ivan
Svobodová, Milena
author_facet Santolíková, Anežka
Brzoňová, Jana
Čepička, Ivan
Svobodová, Milena
author_sort Santolíková, Anežka
collection PubMed
description Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host–vector–parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly specimens belonging to 7 species were collected from birds at several localities in Czechia, including the rare species Ornithophila metallica and Ornithoica turdi. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithomya fringillina on bird hosts according to their migratory status, O. fringillina being found more frequently on long-distance migrants. Trypanosomes were found in four species, namely, Ornithomya avicularia, O. fringillina, O. biloba, and Ornithoica turdi; the later three species are identified in this paper as natural trypanosome vectors for the first time. The prevalence of trypanosomes ranged between 5 and 19%, the highest being in O. biloba and the lowest being in O. fringillina. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that a vast majority of trypanosomes from hippoboscids belong to the avian T. corvi/culicavium group B. Four new lineages were revealed in group B, with louse flies being probable vectors for some of these trypanosome lineages. We also confirmed the transcontinental distribution of several trypanosome lineages. Our results show that hippoboscids of several genera are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes.
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spelling pubmed-89486722022-03-26 Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations Santolíková, Anežka Brzoňová, Jana Čepička, Ivan Svobodová, Milena Microorganisms Article Louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals. They have a cosmopolitan distribution with more than 200 described species. The aim of this study was to reveal host–vector–parasite associations between louse flies, birds, and trypanosomes. A total of 567 louse fly specimens belonging to 7 species were collected from birds at several localities in Czechia, including the rare species Ornithophila metallica and Ornithoica turdi. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithomya fringillina on bird hosts according to their migratory status, O. fringillina being found more frequently on long-distance migrants. Trypanosomes were found in four species, namely, Ornithomya avicularia, O. fringillina, O. biloba, and Ornithoica turdi; the later three species are identified in this paper as natural trypanosome vectors for the first time. The prevalence of trypanosomes ranged between 5 and 19%, the highest being in O. biloba and the lowest being in O. fringillina. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that a vast majority of trypanosomes from hippoboscids belong to the avian T. corvi/culicavium group B. Four new lineages were revealed in group B, with louse flies being probable vectors for some of these trypanosome lineages. We also confirmed the transcontinental distribution of several trypanosome lineages. Our results show that hippoboscids of several genera are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes. MDPI 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8948672/ /pubmed/35336159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030584 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Santolíková, Anežka
Brzoňová, Jana
Čepička, Ivan
Svobodová, Milena
Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title_full Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title_fullStr Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title_full_unstemmed Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title_short Avian Louse Flies and Their Trypanosomes: New Vectors, New Lineages and Host–Parasite Associations
title_sort avian louse flies and their trypanosomes: new vectors, new lineages and host–parasite associations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8948672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336159
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030584
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