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Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19

Background: Most residents and staff in nursing homes have received full vaccination. Factors related to the immune response to vaccination might be related to the risk of future severe COVID-19 and may guide the need for vaccine boosters. Design: Nursing homes that were tested in a point survey in...

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Autores principales: San Román, Jesús, Candel, Francisco Javier, Sanz, Juan Carlos, López, Paloma, Menéndez-Colino, Rocío, Barreiro, Pablo, Carretero, María del Mar, Pérez-Abeledo, Marta, Viñuela-Prieto, José Manuel, Ramos, Belén, Canora, Jesús, Barba, Raquel, Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio, Martínez-Peromingo, Franciso Javier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8948814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030383
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author San Román, Jesús
Candel, Francisco Javier
Sanz, Juan Carlos
López, Paloma
Menéndez-Colino, Rocío
Barreiro, Pablo
Carretero, María del Mar
Pérez-Abeledo, Marta
Viñuela-Prieto, José Manuel
Ramos, Belén
Canora, Jesús
Barba, Raquel
Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio
Martínez-Peromingo, Franciso Javier
author_facet San Román, Jesús
Candel, Francisco Javier
Sanz, Juan Carlos
López, Paloma
Menéndez-Colino, Rocío
Barreiro, Pablo
Carretero, María del Mar
Pérez-Abeledo, Marta
Viñuela-Prieto, José Manuel
Ramos, Belén
Canora, Jesús
Barba, Raquel
Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio
Martínez-Peromingo, Franciso Javier
author_sort San Román, Jesús
collection PubMed
description Background: Most residents and staff in nursing homes have received full vaccination. Factors related to the immune response to vaccination might be related to the risk of future severe COVID-19 and may guide the need for vaccine boosters. Design: Nursing homes that were tested in a point survey in July-October 2020 were again analyzed after a vaccination campaign in June-July 2021. Immune responses according to IgG against nucleocapsid and spike antigens, and CD4 and CD8 interferon-gamma release assay against spike antigens, were evaluated. Results: A total of 1973 subjects were tested (61.7% residents, 48.3% staff), with a mean (SD) follow-up of 46.4 (3.6) weeks between assessments. More than half of residents and more than a third of staff had evidence of COVID-19 before vaccination; 26.9% and 22.7% had seroreversion of IgG-N, and 8.9% and 4.6% had IgG-N seroconversion at second assessment, respectively. Up to 96.8% of residents and 98.1% of workers had positive IgG-S after a mean of 19.9 (2.1) weeks after vaccination. In residents with vs without a history of COVID-19, IgG-S titers were 4.11 (0.54) vs. 2.73 (0.74) logAU/mL (p < 0.001); in workers these titers were 3.89 (0.61) vs. 3.15 (0.64) logAU/mL (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that younger age (OR: −0.03 per 10 years-older [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.02], p < 0.001) and evidence of COVID-19 (OR: 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20], p < 0.001) are associated with greater IgG-S titers after vaccination. A direct association was found between IgG-S titers and the intensity of IFN-gamma response against spike antigens. Conclusions: Waning of humoral response and reinfection seems to be more frequent in older as compared to younger adults, although cellular responses shortly after vaccination are comparable between these groups. Younger age and prior COVID-19 are related to greater humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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spelling pubmed-89488142022-03-26 Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19 San Román, Jesús Candel, Francisco Javier Sanz, Juan Carlos López, Paloma Menéndez-Colino, Rocío Barreiro, Pablo Carretero, María del Mar Pérez-Abeledo, Marta Viñuela-Prieto, José Manuel Ramos, Belén Canora, Jesús Barba, Raquel Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio Martínez-Peromingo, Franciso Javier Vaccines (Basel) Brief Report Background: Most residents and staff in nursing homes have received full vaccination. Factors related to the immune response to vaccination might be related to the risk of future severe COVID-19 and may guide the need for vaccine boosters. Design: Nursing homes that were tested in a point survey in July-October 2020 were again analyzed after a vaccination campaign in June-July 2021. Immune responses according to IgG against nucleocapsid and spike antigens, and CD4 and CD8 interferon-gamma release assay against spike antigens, were evaluated. Results: A total of 1973 subjects were tested (61.7% residents, 48.3% staff), with a mean (SD) follow-up of 46.4 (3.6) weeks between assessments. More than half of residents and more than a third of staff had evidence of COVID-19 before vaccination; 26.9% and 22.7% had seroreversion of IgG-N, and 8.9% and 4.6% had IgG-N seroconversion at second assessment, respectively. Up to 96.8% of residents and 98.1% of workers had positive IgG-S after a mean of 19.9 (2.1) weeks after vaccination. In residents with vs without a history of COVID-19, IgG-S titers were 4.11 (0.54) vs. 2.73 (0.74) logAU/mL (p < 0.001); in workers these titers were 3.89 (0.61) vs. 3.15 (0.64) logAU/mL (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that younger age (OR: −0.03 per 10 years-older [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.02], p < 0.001) and evidence of COVID-19 (OR: 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20], p < 0.001) are associated with greater IgG-S titers after vaccination. A direct association was found between IgG-S titers and the intensity of IFN-gamma response against spike antigens. Conclusions: Waning of humoral response and reinfection seems to be more frequent in older as compared to younger adults, although cellular responses shortly after vaccination are comparable between these groups. Younger age and prior COVID-19 are related to greater humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. MDPI 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8948814/ /pubmed/35335015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030383 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
San Román, Jesús
Candel, Francisco Javier
Sanz, Juan Carlos
López, Paloma
Menéndez-Colino, Rocío
Barreiro, Pablo
Carretero, María del Mar
Pérez-Abeledo, Marta
Viñuela-Prieto, José Manuel
Ramos, Belén
Canora, Jesús
Barba, Raquel
Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio
Martínez-Peromingo, Franciso Javier
Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title_full Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title_fullStr Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title_short Humoral and Cellular Response after mRNA Vaccination in Nursing Homes: Influence of Age and of History of COVID-19
title_sort humoral and cellular response after mrna vaccination in nursing homes: influence of age and of history of covid-19
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8948814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335015
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030383
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