Effect of Depressive Disorders and Their Pharmacological Treatment during Pregnancy on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome

Purpose: Depressive disorders are related to obstetrical and neonatal complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of pregnancy in women suffering from depressive disorders, who are treated or not treated with pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Methods: The maternal and neonatal outcomes of 281 pregnant women with depressive disorders (D group—DG), who delivered their babies at Sant’Anna Hospital of Turin, were compared with those of a control group of 200 depression-free, healthy, pregnant women, who were matched for maternal age (C group—CG). Of the depressed patients, those who received pharmacotherapy during pregnancy (DG-Tr, n = 199, 70.8%) were compared with those who did not (DG-Untr, n = 82, 29.2%). The comparisons were performed using χ(2) tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. A linear regression analysis was run to examine the association between APGAR scores at 5 min and certain clinical variables. Results: The women in DG showed higher rates of cesarean section, preterm delivery, induction of labor and SGA babies, and low neonatal weights and 5-min APGAR scores, compared to the untreated patients. Those treated with psychotropic drugs showed lower rates of cesarean section, but lower 5-min APGAR scores, compared to those who were untreated. However, after controlling for confounding variables, the 5-min APGAR scores were linearly associated with neonatal weight and not with the use of psychotropic treatment. No significant differences were observed between the treated and untreated women, regarding the rates of preterm delivery, induction of labor, SGA and low neonatal weight. Conclusion: In pregnant patients with depressive disorders, poorer outcomes are expected vs. healthy controls. Pharmacological treatment is associated with a reduced rate of cesarean section, without inducing other complications for the mother and the newborn.