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Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has evolved to become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineage with multiple sub-lineages and there are also reports of re-infections caused by this variant. We studied the disease characteristics induced by the Delta AY.1 variant...

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Autores principales: Mohandas, Sreelekshmy, Yadav, Pragya D., Shete, Anita, Nyayanit, Dimpal, Jain, Rajlaxmi, Sapkal, Gajanan, Mote, Chandrashekhar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337002
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030596
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author Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Yadav, Pragya D.
Shete, Anita
Nyayanit, Dimpal
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Sapkal, Gajanan
Mote, Chandrashekhar
author_facet Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Yadav, Pragya D.
Shete, Anita
Nyayanit, Dimpal
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Sapkal, Gajanan
Mote, Chandrashekhar
author_sort Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
collection PubMed
description The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has evolved to become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineage with multiple sub-lineages and there are also reports of re-infections caused by this variant. We studied the disease characteristics induced by the Delta AY.1 variant and compared it with the Delta and B.1 variants in Syrian hamsters. We also assessed the potential of re-infection by these variants in Coronavirus disease 2019 recovered hamsters 3 months after initial infection. The variants produced disease characterized by high viral load in the respiratory tract and interstitial pneumonia. The Delta AY.1 variant produced mild disease in the hamster model and did not show any evidence of neutralization resistance due to the presence of the K417N mutation, as speculated. Re-infection with a high virus dose of the Delta and B.1 variants 3 months after B.1 variant infection resulted in reduced virus shedding, disease severity and increased neutralizing antibody levels in the re-infected hamsters. The reduction in viral load and lung disease after re-infection with the Delta AY.1 variant was not marked. Upper respiratory tract viral RNA loads remained similar after re-infection in all the groups. The present findings show that prior infection could not produce sterilizing immunity but that it can broaden the neutralizing response and reduce disease severity in case of reinfection.
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spelling pubmed-89509562022-03-26 Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters Mohandas, Sreelekshmy Yadav, Pragya D. Shete, Anita Nyayanit, Dimpal Jain, Rajlaxmi Sapkal, Gajanan Mote, Chandrashekhar Viruses Article The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant has evolved to become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineage with multiple sub-lineages and there are also reports of re-infections caused by this variant. We studied the disease characteristics induced by the Delta AY.1 variant and compared it with the Delta and B.1 variants in Syrian hamsters. We also assessed the potential of re-infection by these variants in Coronavirus disease 2019 recovered hamsters 3 months after initial infection. The variants produced disease characterized by high viral load in the respiratory tract and interstitial pneumonia. The Delta AY.1 variant produced mild disease in the hamster model and did not show any evidence of neutralization resistance due to the presence of the K417N mutation, as speculated. Re-infection with a high virus dose of the Delta and B.1 variants 3 months after B.1 variant infection resulted in reduced virus shedding, disease severity and increased neutralizing antibody levels in the re-infected hamsters. The reduction in viral load and lung disease after re-infection with the Delta AY.1 variant was not marked. Upper respiratory tract viral RNA loads remained similar after re-infection in all the groups. The present findings show that prior infection could not produce sterilizing immunity but that it can broaden the neutralizing response and reduce disease severity in case of reinfection. MDPI 2022-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8950956/ /pubmed/35337002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030596 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Yadav, Pragya D.
Shete, Anita
Nyayanit, Dimpal
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Sapkal, Gajanan
Mote, Chandrashekhar
Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title_full Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title_fullStr Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title_full_unstemmed Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title_short Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters
title_sort protective immunity of the primary sars-cov-2 infection reduces disease severity post re-infection with delta variants in syrian hamsters
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337002
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030596
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