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Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a treatable condition, but it leads to excessive morbidity and mortality. We collected 115 non-duplicated Cryptococcus clinical isolates during 2013–2020 in southern Taiwan to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. Multi-locus sequence typing was performe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35330289 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030287 |
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author | Chen, Yi-Chun Kuo, Shu-Fang Lin, Shang-Yi Lin, Yin-Shiou Lee, Chen-Hsiang |
author_facet | Chen, Yi-Chun Kuo, Shu-Fang Lin, Shang-Yi Lin, Yin-Shiou Lee, Chen-Hsiang |
author_sort | Chen, Yi-Chun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a treatable condition, but it leads to excessive morbidity and mortality. We collected 115 non-duplicated Cryptococcus clinical isolates during 2013–2020 in southern Taiwan to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. Multi-locus sequence typing was performed on 96 strains from patients with CM (n = 47) or cryptococcemia (n = 49). In addition, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with CM during 2013–2020 (n = 47) were compared with those during 2000–2010 (n = 46). During 2013–2020, only one C. neoformans isolate (0.9%) had a fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration of >8 μg/mL. Amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), and voriconazole were highly active against all C. neoformans/C. gattii isolates. The most common sequence type was ST5. Among these 47 patients with CM, cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen (CSF CrAg) titer >1024 was a significant predictor of death (odds ratio, 48.33; 95% CI, 5.17–452.06). A standard induction therapy regimen with AMB and 5FC was used for all patients during 2013–2020, but only for 2.2% of patients in 2000–2010. The in-hospital CM mortality rate declined from 39.1% during 2000–2010 to 25.5% during 2013–2020, despite there being significantly younger patients with less CSF CrAg >1024 during 2000–2010. The study provides insight into the genetic epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus strains in southern Taiwan. The recommended antifungal drugs, AMB, 5FC, and FCZ, remained active against most of the Cryptococcus strains. Early diagnosis of patients with CM and adherence to the clinical practice guidelines cannot be overemphasized to improve the outcomes of patients with CM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8951076 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89510762022-03-26 Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 Chen, Yi-Chun Kuo, Shu-Fang Lin, Shang-Yi Lin, Yin-Shiou Lee, Chen-Hsiang J Fungi (Basel) Article Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a treatable condition, but it leads to excessive morbidity and mortality. We collected 115 non-duplicated Cryptococcus clinical isolates during 2013–2020 in southern Taiwan to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. Multi-locus sequence typing was performed on 96 strains from patients with CM (n = 47) or cryptococcemia (n = 49). In addition, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with CM during 2013–2020 (n = 47) were compared with those during 2000–2010 (n = 46). During 2013–2020, only one C. neoformans isolate (0.9%) had a fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration of >8 μg/mL. Amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), and voriconazole were highly active against all C. neoformans/C. gattii isolates. The most common sequence type was ST5. Among these 47 patients with CM, cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen (CSF CrAg) titer >1024 was a significant predictor of death (odds ratio, 48.33; 95% CI, 5.17–452.06). A standard induction therapy regimen with AMB and 5FC was used for all patients during 2013–2020, but only for 2.2% of patients in 2000–2010. The in-hospital CM mortality rate declined from 39.1% during 2000–2010 to 25.5% during 2013–2020, despite there being significantly younger patients with less CSF CrAg >1024 during 2000–2010. The study provides insight into the genetic epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus strains in southern Taiwan. The recommended antifungal drugs, AMB, 5FC, and FCZ, remained active against most of the Cryptococcus strains. Early diagnosis of patients with CM and adherence to the clinical practice guidelines cannot be overemphasized to improve the outcomes of patients with CM. MDPI 2022-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8951076/ /pubmed/35330289 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030287 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Yi-Chun Kuo, Shu-Fang Lin, Shang-Yi Lin, Yin-Shiou Lee, Chen-Hsiang Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title | Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title_full | Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title_fullStr | Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title_short | Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and MLST-Based Genetic Analysis of Cryptococcus Isolates in Southern Taiwan in 2013–2020 |
title_sort | epidemiological and clinical characteristics, antifungal susceptibility, and mlst-based genetic analysis of cryptococcus isolates in southern taiwan in 2013–2020 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35330289 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030287 |
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