A Comparative Study of Two Bone Graft Substitutes—InterOss(®) Collagen and OCS-B Collagen(®)

Bone is a complex hierarchical tissue composed of organic and inorganic materials that provide structure, support, and protection to organs. However, there are some critical size defects that are unable to regenerate on their own and therefore require clinical repair. Bone graft substitutes allow repair by providing a temporary resorbable device. Among the common filler materials that aid in regeneration is hydroxyapatite particles of either animal or human origin which is used to fill or reconstruct periodontal and bony defects in the mouth. However, particulate graft substitutes suffer from localized migration away from the implantation site, necessitating the use of a barrier membrane. In this study, we designed InterOss Collagen, combining bovine hydroxyapatite granules with porcine-skin derived collagen to form a bone filler composite. Physiochemical properties of InterOss Collagen and a commercially available product, OsteoConductive Substitute-Bovine (OCS-B) Collagen, referred to as OCS-B Collagen, were examined. We found two bone graft substitutes to be mostly similar, though InterOss Collagen showed comparatively higher surface area and porosity. We conducted an in vivo study in rabbits to evaluate local tissue responses, percent material resorption and bone formation and showed that the two materials exhibited similar degradation profiles, inflammatory and healing responses following implantation. Based on these results, InterOss Collagen is a promising dental bone grafting material for periodontal and maxillofacial surgeries.