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Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers

The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will stil...

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Autores principales: Trofin, Felicia, Nastase, Eduard Vasile, Iancu, Luminita Smaranda, Constantinescu, Daniela, Cianga, Corina Maria, Lunca, Catalina, Ursu, Ramona Gabriela, Cianga, Petru, Dorneanu, Olivia Simona
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335610
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030286
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author Trofin, Felicia
Nastase, Eduard Vasile
Iancu, Luminita Smaranda
Constantinescu, Daniela
Cianga, Corina Maria
Lunca, Catalina
Ursu, Ramona Gabriela
Cianga, Petru
Dorneanu, Olivia Simona
author_facet Trofin, Felicia
Nastase, Eduard Vasile
Iancu, Luminita Smaranda
Constantinescu, Daniela
Cianga, Corina Maria
Lunca, Catalina
Ursu, Ramona Gabriela
Cianga, Petru
Dorneanu, Olivia Simona
author_sort Trofin, Felicia
collection PubMed
description The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered. Thus, the question of whether potentially protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be provided to them via breast milk or across the placenta, as “passive immunity”, still stands. Materials and Methods: Between January–July 2021, we have conducted a prospective study that aimed to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the breast milk of 28 vaccinated lactating mothers, sampled at 30 and 60 days after the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccines. Anti-RBD reactive IgA and IgG antibodies were detected and quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Anti-RBD IgA and IgG were present in all breast milk samples, both in the first and in the second specimens, without a significant difference between those two. The anti-RBD IgA titers were approximately five-times higher than the anti-RBD IgG ones. The anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers were correlated with the infants’ age, but they were not correlated with the vaccine type or mother’s age. The anti-RBD IgA excreted in milk were inversely correlated with the parity number. Conclusions: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG can be found in the milk secretion of mothers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines and, presumably, these antibodies should offer protection to the newborn, considering that the antibodies’ titers did not decrease after 60 days. The antibody response is directly proportional to the breastfed child’s age, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with the baby’s rank. The antibody response did not depend on the vaccine type, or on the mother’s age.
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spelling pubmed-89525342022-03-26 Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers Trofin, Felicia Nastase, Eduard Vasile Iancu, Luminita Smaranda Constantinescu, Daniela Cianga, Corina Maria Lunca, Catalina Ursu, Ramona Gabriela Cianga, Petru Dorneanu, Olivia Simona Pathogens Article The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered. Thus, the question of whether potentially protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be provided to them via breast milk or across the placenta, as “passive immunity”, still stands. Materials and Methods: Between January–July 2021, we have conducted a prospective study that aimed to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the breast milk of 28 vaccinated lactating mothers, sampled at 30 and 60 days after the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccines. Anti-RBD reactive IgA and IgG antibodies were detected and quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Anti-RBD IgA and IgG were present in all breast milk samples, both in the first and in the second specimens, without a significant difference between those two. The anti-RBD IgA titers were approximately five-times higher than the anti-RBD IgG ones. The anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers were correlated with the infants’ age, but they were not correlated with the vaccine type or mother’s age. The anti-RBD IgA excreted in milk were inversely correlated with the parity number. Conclusions: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG can be found in the milk secretion of mothers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines and, presumably, these antibodies should offer protection to the newborn, considering that the antibodies’ titers did not decrease after 60 days. The antibody response is directly proportional to the breastfed child’s age, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with the baby’s rank. The antibody response did not depend on the vaccine type, or on the mother’s age. MDPI 2022-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8952534/ /pubmed/35335610 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030286 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Trofin, Felicia
Nastase, Eduard Vasile
Iancu, Luminita Smaranda
Constantinescu, Daniela
Cianga, Corina Maria
Lunca, Catalina
Ursu, Ramona Gabriela
Cianga, Petru
Dorneanu, Olivia Simona
Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title_full Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title_fullStr Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title_full_unstemmed Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title_short Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
title_sort anti-rbd iga and igg response and transmission in breast milk of anti-sars-cov-2 vaccinated mothers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335610
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030286
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