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Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4
Numerous research reports have witnessed dramatic advancements in cancer therapeutic approaches through immunotherapy. Blocking immunological checkpoint pathways (mechanisms employed by malignant cells to disguise themselves as normal human body components) has emerged as a viable strategy for devel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030335 |
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author | Pandey, Pratibha Khan, Fahad Qari, Huda A. Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar Alkhateeb, Abdulhameed F. Oves, Mohammad |
author_facet | Pandey, Pratibha Khan, Fahad Qari, Huda A. Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar Alkhateeb, Abdulhameed F. Oves, Mohammad |
author_sort | Pandey, Pratibha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Numerous research reports have witnessed dramatic advancements in cancer therapeutic approaches through immunotherapy. Blocking immunological checkpoint pathways (mechanisms employed by malignant cells to disguise themselves as normal human body components) has emerged as a viable strategy for developing anticancer immunity. Through the development of effective immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in multiple carcinomas, advances in cancer immunity have expedited a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Blocking a variety of ICIs, such as PD-1 (programmed cell death-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) has improved the immune system’s efficacy in combating cancer cells. Recent studies also supported the fact that ICIs combined with other potent antitumor candidates, such as angiogenic agents, could be a solid promising chemopreventive therapeutic approach in improving the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blockade has aided antiangiogenesis by lowering vascular endothelial growth factor expression and alleviating hypoxia. Our review summarized recent advances and clinical improvements in immune checkpoint blocking tactics, including combinatorial treatment of immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers with ICIs, which may aid future researchers in creating more effective cancer-fighting strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8952773 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89527732022-03-26 Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Pandey, Pratibha Khan, Fahad Qari, Huda A. Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar Alkhateeb, Abdulhameed F. Oves, Mohammad Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Numerous research reports have witnessed dramatic advancements in cancer therapeutic approaches through immunotherapy. Blocking immunological checkpoint pathways (mechanisms employed by malignant cells to disguise themselves as normal human body components) has emerged as a viable strategy for developing anticancer immunity. Through the development of effective immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in multiple carcinomas, advances in cancer immunity have expedited a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Blocking a variety of ICIs, such as PD-1 (programmed cell death-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) has improved the immune system’s efficacy in combating cancer cells. Recent studies also supported the fact that ICIs combined with other potent antitumor candidates, such as angiogenic agents, could be a solid promising chemopreventive therapeutic approach in improving the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blockade has aided antiangiogenesis by lowering vascular endothelial growth factor expression and alleviating hypoxia. Our review summarized recent advances and clinical improvements in immune checkpoint blocking tactics, including combinatorial treatment of immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers with ICIs, which may aid future researchers in creating more effective cancer-fighting strategies. MDPI 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8952773/ /pubmed/35337133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030335 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pandey, Pratibha Khan, Fahad Qari, Huda A. Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar Alkhateeb, Abdulhameed F. Oves, Mohammad Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title | Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title_full | Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title_fullStr | Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title_full_unstemmed | Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title_short | Revolutionization in Cancer Therapeutics via Targeting Major Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 |
title_sort | revolutionization in cancer therapeutics via targeting major immune checkpoints pd-1, pd-l1 and ctla-4 |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030335 |
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