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Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

The great potential of Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM) for structural prototyping in the automotive industry is severely limited by the directional bias in the build direction. The layerwise fabrication leads to reduced mechanical properties at the layer-to-layer interface compared to the bul...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tagscherer, Nevine, Schromm, Thomas, Drechsler, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329742
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062290
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author Tagscherer, Nevine
Schromm, Thomas
Drechsler, Klaus
author_facet Tagscherer, Nevine
Schromm, Thomas
Drechsler, Klaus
author_sort Tagscherer, Nevine
collection PubMed
description The great potential of Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM) for structural prototyping in the automotive industry is severely limited by the directional bias in the build direction. The layerwise fabrication leads to reduced mechanical properties at the layer-to-layer interface compared to the bulk of the strand. Especially for the often-used semi-crystalline thermoplastics, the mechanical properties strongly depend on the processing parameters, even more so if short fibers are used as fillers. Therefore, ideal processing windows in which the mechanical strength and modulus in the z-direction reach their maximum can be identified for these parameters, resulting in a reduced directional bias. The influence of the EAM processing parameters on mechanical strength has already been investigated, correlating strength with thermal conditions during printing. However, these considerations did not distinguish between the thermal effect on the polymer properties, the formation of voids and pores at the layer interface, and the resulting fiber orientation for different strand proportions. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different processing temperatures and layer heights on the pore size and distribution, as well as the fiber orientation in the different regions of the mesostructure was investigated using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT).
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spelling pubmed-89528222022-03-26 Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Tagscherer, Nevine Schromm, Thomas Drechsler, Klaus Materials (Basel) Article The great potential of Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM) for structural prototyping in the automotive industry is severely limited by the directional bias in the build direction. The layerwise fabrication leads to reduced mechanical properties at the layer-to-layer interface compared to the bulk of the strand. Especially for the often-used semi-crystalline thermoplastics, the mechanical properties strongly depend on the processing parameters, even more so if short fibers are used as fillers. Therefore, ideal processing windows in which the mechanical strength and modulus in the z-direction reach their maximum can be identified for these parameters, resulting in a reduced directional bias. The influence of the EAM processing parameters on mechanical strength has already been investigated, correlating strength with thermal conditions during printing. However, these considerations did not distinguish between the thermal effect on the polymer properties, the formation of voids and pores at the layer interface, and the resulting fiber orientation for different strand proportions. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different processing temperatures and layer heights on the pore size and distribution, as well as the fiber orientation in the different regions of the mesostructure was investigated using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). MDPI 2022-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8952822/ /pubmed/35329742 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062290 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tagscherer, Nevine
Schromm, Thomas
Drechsler, Klaus
Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title_full Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title_fullStr Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title_short Foundational Investigation on the Characterization of Porosity and Fiber Orientation Using XCT in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
title_sort foundational investigation on the characterization of porosity and fiber orientation using xct in large-scale extrusion additive manufacturing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329742
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062290
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