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An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency

In this work, the design of an integrated [Formula: see text] radiometer frontend for earth observation applications on satellites is presented. By means of the efficient electro-optic modulation of a laser pump with the observed millimeter-wave signal followed by the detection of the generated opti...

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Autores principales: Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia, Botello, Gabriel Santamaria, Suresh, Mallika Irene, Falcón-Gómez, Enderson, Lavado, Alejandro Rivera, García-Muñoz, Luis Enrique
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953225/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336571
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062400
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author Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia
Botello, Gabriel Santamaria
Suresh, Mallika Irene
Falcón-Gómez, Enderson
Lavado, Alejandro Rivera
García-Muñoz, Luis Enrique
author_facet Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia
Botello, Gabriel Santamaria
Suresh, Mallika Irene
Falcón-Gómez, Enderson
Lavado, Alejandro Rivera
García-Muñoz, Luis Enrique
author_sort Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia
collection PubMed
description In this work, the design of an integrated [Formula: see text] radiometer frontend for earth observation applications on satellites is presented. By means of the efficient electro-optic modulation of a laser pump with the observed millimeter-wave signal followed by the detection of the generated optical sideband, a room-temperature low-noise receiver frontend alternative to conventional Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) or Schottky mixers is proposed. Efficient millimeter-wave to 1550 nm upconversion is realized via a nonlinear optical process in a triply resonant high-Q Lithium Niobate (LN) Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonator. By engineering a micromachined millimeter-wave cavity that maximizes the overlap with the optical modes while guaranteeing phase matching, the system has a predicted normalized photon-conversion efficiency [Formula: see text] per [Formula: see text] pump power, surpassing the state-of-the-art by around three orders of magnitude at millimeter-wave frequencies. A piezo-driven millimeter-wave tuning mechanism is designed to compensate for the fabrication and assembly tolerances and reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process.
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spelling pubmed-89532252022-03-26 An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia Botello, Gabriel Santamaria Suresh, Mallika Irene Falcón-Gómez, Enderson Lavado, Alejandro Rivera García-Muñoz, Luis Enrique Sensors (Basel) Article In this work, the design of an integrated [Formula: see text] radiometer frontend for earth observation applications on satellites is presented. By means of the efficient electro-optic modulation of a laser pump with the observed millimeter-wave signal followed by the detection of the generated optical sideband, a room-temperature low-noise receiver frontend alternative to conventional Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) or Schottky mixers is proposed. Efficient millimeter-wave to 1550 nm upconversion is realized via a nonlinear optical process in a triply resonant high-Q Lithium Niobate (LN) Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonator. By engineering a micromachined millimeter-wave cavity that maximizes the overlap with the optical modes while guaranteeing phase matching, the system has a predicted normalized photon-conversion efficiency [Formula: see text] per [Formula: see text] pump power, surpassing the state-of-the-art by around three orders of magnitude at millimeter-wave frequencies. A piezo-driven millimeter-wave tuning mechanism is designed to compensate for the fabrication and assembly tolerances and reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process. MDPI 2022-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8953225/ /pubmed/35336571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062400 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia
Botello, Gabriel Santamaria
Suresh, Mallika Irene
Falcón-Gómez, Enderson
Lavado, Alejandro Rivera
García-Muñoz, Luis Enrique
An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title_full An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title_fullStr An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title_full_unstemmed An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title_short An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency
title_sort integrated millimeter-wave satellite radiometer working at room-temperature with high photon conversion efficiency
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953225/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336571
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062400
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