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Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will exper...

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Autores principales: Greiner, Jochen, Götz, Marlies, Wais, Verena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35328721
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063304
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author Greiner, Jochen
Götz, Marlies
Wais, Verena
author_facet Greiner, Jochen
Götz, Marlies
Wais, Verena
author_sort Greiner, Jochen
collection PubMed
description Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will experience relapse. In patients older than 60 years, the results are even worse. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One promising approach in high-risk leukemia to prevent relapse is the induction of the immune system simultaneously or after reduction of the initial tumor burden. Different immunotherapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions are already standard therapies, but other options for AML treatment are in the pipeline. Moreover, the therapeutic landscape in AML is rapidly changing, and in the last years, a number of immunogenic targets structures eligible for specific therapy, risk assessment or evaluation of disease course were determined. For example, leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) showed to be critical as biomarkers of disease state and survival, as well as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Yet many mechanisms and properties are still insufficiently understood, which also represents a great potential for this form of therapy. Therefore, targeted therapy as immunotherapy could turn into an efficient tool to clear residual disease, improve the outcome of AML patients and reduce the relapse risk. In this review, established but also emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for AML patients will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-89535562022-03-26 Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML Greiner, Jochen Götz, Marlies Wais, Verena Int J Mol Sci Review Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will experience relapse. In patients older than 60 years, the results are even worse. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One promising approach in high-risk leukemia to prevent relapse is the induction of the immune system simultaneously or after reduction of the initial tumor burden. Different immunotherapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions are already standard therapies, but other options for AML treatment are in the pipeline. Moreover, the therapeutic landscape in AML is rapidly changing, and in the last years, a number of immunogenic targets structures eligible for specific therapy, risk assessment or evaluation of disease course were determined. For example, leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) showed to be critical as biomarkers of disease state and survival, as well as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Yet many mechanisms and properties are still insufficiently understood, which also represents a great potential for this form of therapy. Therefore, targeted therapy as immunotherapy could turn into an efficient tool to clear residual disease, improve the outcome of AML patients and reduce the relapse risk. In this review, established but also emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for AML patients will be discussed. MDPI 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8953556/ /pubmed/35328721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063304 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Greiner, Jochen
Götz, Marlies
Wais, Verena
Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title_full Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title_fullStr Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title_full_unstemmed Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title_short Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
title_sort increasing role of targeted immunotherapies in the treatment of aml
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35328721
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063304
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