Cargando…
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954079/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631 |
_version_ | 1784676005377474560 |
---|---|
author | Cárdenas, Matías Michelson, Sofía Pérez, Daniel R. Montoya, Margarita Toledo, Jorge Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo |
author_facet | Cárdenas, Matías Michelson, Sofía Pérez, Daniel R. Montoya, Margarita Toledo, Jorge Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo |
author_sort | Cárdenas, Matías |
collection | PubMed |
description | Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least 10 proteins. Although some ISAV strains can reach 100% mortality rates, the factors that determine isavirus infectivity remain unknown. However, some studies suggest that segments 5 and 6 are responsible for the different degrees of virulence and infectivity among ISAV subtypes, unlike the influenza A virus, where most segments are involved in the virus infectivity. In this work, synthetic reassortant viruses for the eight segments of ISAV were generated by reverse genetics, combining a highly virulent virus, ISAV 752_09 (HPR7b), and an avirulent strain, SK779/06 (HPR0). We characterized the rescued viruses and their capacity to replicate and infect different cell lines, produce plaques in ASK cells, and their ability to induce and modulate the cellular immune response in vitro. Our results show that the majority of ISAV segments are involved in at least one of the analyzed characteristics, segment 5 being one of the most important, allowing HPR0 viruses, among other things, to produce plaques and replicate in CHSE-214 cells. We determined that segments 5 and 6 participate in different stages of the viral cycle, and their compatibility is critical for viral infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that segment 2 can modulate the cellular immune response. Our results indicate a high degree of genetic compatibility between the genomic segments of HPR7b and HPR0, representing a latent risk of reassortant that would give rise to a new virus with an unknown phenotype. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8954079 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89540792022-03-26 Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 Cárdenas, Matías Michelson, Sofía Pérez, Daniel R. Montoya, Margarita Toledo, Jorge Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo Viruses Article Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least 10 proteins. Although some ISAV strains can reach 100% mortality rates, the factors that determine isavirus infectivity remain unknown. However, some studies suggest that segments 5 and 6 are responsible for the different degrees of virulence and infectivity among ISAV subtypes, unlike the influenza A virus, where most segments are involved in the virus infectivity. In this work, synthetic reassortant viruses for the eight segments of ISAV were generated by reverse genetics, combining a highly virulent virus, ISAV 752_09 (HPR7b), and an avirulent strain, SK779/06 (HPR0). We characterized the rescued viruses and their capacity to replicate and infect different cell lines, produce plaques in ASK cells, and their ability to induce and modulate the cellular immune response in vitro. Our results show that the majority of ISAV segments are involved in at least one of the analyzed characteristics, segment 5 being one of the most important, allowing HPR0 viruses, among other things, to produce plaques and replicate in CHSE-214 cells. We determined that segments 5 and 6 participate in different stages of the viral cycle, and their compatibility is critical for viral infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that segment 2 can modulate the cellular immune response. Our results indicate a high degree of genetic compatibility between the genomic segments of HPR7b and HPR0, representing a latent risk of reassortant that would give rise to a new virus with an unknown phenotype. MDPI 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8954079/ /pubmed/35337038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cárdenas, Matías Michelson, Sofía Pérez, Daniel R. Montoya, Margarita Toledo, Jorge Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title | Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title_full | Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title_fullStr | Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title_full_unstemmed | Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title_short | Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 |
title_sort | infectious salmon anemia virus infectivity is determined by multiple segments with an important contribution from segment 5 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954079/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cardenasmatias infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT michelsonsofia infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT perezdanielr infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT montoyamargarita infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT toledojorge infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT vasquezmartinezyesseny infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 AT cortezsanmartinmarcelo infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5 |