Cargando…

Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cárdenas, Matías, Michelson, Sofía, Pérez, Daniel R., Montoya, Margarita, Toledo, Jorge, Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny, Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631
_version_ 1784676005377474560
author Cárdenas, Matías
Michelson, Sofía
Pérez, Daniel R.
Montoya, Margarita
Toledo, Jorge
Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny
Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo
author_facet Cárdenas, Matías
Michelson, Sofía
Pérez, Daniel R.
Montoya, Margarita
Toledo, Jorge
Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny
Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo
author_sort Cárdenas, Matías
collection PubMed
description Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least 10 proteins. Although some ISAV strains can reach 100% mortality rates, the factors that determine isavirus infectivity remain unknown. However, some studies suggest that segments 5 and 6 are responsible for the different degrees of virulence and infectivity among ISAV subtypes, unlike the influenza A virus, where most segments are involved in the virus infectivity. In this work, synthetic reassortant viruses for the eight segments of ISAV were generated by reverse genetics, combining a highly virulent virus, ISAV 752_09 (HPR7b), and an avirulent strain, SK779/06 (HPR0). We characterized the rescued viruses and their capacity to replicate and infect different cell lines, produce plaques in ASK cells, and their ability to induce and modulate the cellular immune response in vitro. Our results show that the majority of ISAV segments are involved in at least one of the analyzed characteristics, segment 5 being one of the most important, allowing HPR0 viruses, among other things, to produce plaques and replicate in CHSE-214 cells. We determined that segments 5 and 6 participate in different stages of the viral cycle, and their compatibility is critical for viral infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that segment 2 can modulate the cellular immune response. Our results indicate a high degree of genetic compatibility between the genomic segments of HPR7b and HPR0, representing a latent risk of reassortant that would give rise to a new virus with an unknown phenotype.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8954079
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89540792022-03-26 Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5 Cárdenas, Matías Michelson, Sofía Pérez, Daniel R. Montoya, Margarita Toledo, Jorge Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo Viruses Article Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is the etiological agent of infectious salmon anemia. It belongs to the genus isavirus, one of the genera of the Orthomyxoviridae family, as does Influenzavirus A. The ISAV genome comprises eight negative-sense single-stranded RNA segments that code for at least 10 proteins. Although some ISAV strains can reach 100% mortality rates, the factors that determine isavirus infectivity remain unknown. However, some studies suggest that segments 5 and 6 are responsible for the different degrees of virulence and infectivity among ISAV subtypes, unlike the influenza A virus, where most segments are involved in the virus infectivity. In this work, synthetic reassortant viruses for the eight segments of ISAV were generated by reverse genetics, combining a highly virulent virus, ISAV 752_09 (HPR7b), and an avirulent strain, SK779/06 (HPR0). We characterized the rescued viruses and their capacity to replicate and infect different cell lines, produce plaques in ASK cells, and their ability to induce and modulate the cellular immune response in vitro. Our results show that the majority of ISAV segments are involved in at least one of the analyzed characteristics, segment 5 being one of the most important, allowing HPR0 viruses, among other things, to produce plaques and replicate in CHSE-214 cells. We determined that segments 5 and 6 participate in different stages of the viral cycle, and their compatibility is critical for viral infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that segment 2 can modulate the cellular immune response. Our results indicate a high degree of genetic compatibility between the genomic segments of HPR7b and HPR0, representing a latent risk of reassortant that would give rise to a new virus with an unknown phenotype. MDPI 2022-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8954079/ /pubmed/35337038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cárdenas, Matías
Michelson, Sofía
Pérez, Daniel R.
Montoya, Margarita
Toledo, Jorge
Vásquez-Martínez, Yesseny
Cortez-San Martin, Marcelo
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title_full Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title_fullStr Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title_full_unstemmed Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title_short Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Infectivity Is Determined by Multiple Segments with an Important Contribution from Segment 5
title_sort infectious salmon anemia virus infectivity is determined by multiple segments with an important contribution from segment 5
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35337038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030631
work_keys_str_mv AT cardenasmatias infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT michelsonsofia infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT perezdanielr infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT montoyamargarita infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT toledojorge infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT vasquezmartinezyesseny infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5
AT cortezsanmartinmarcelo infectioussalmonanemiavirusinfectivityisdeterminedbymultiplesegmentswithanimportantcontributionfromsegment5