Bio-C (Modified Hyaluronic Acid-Coated-Collagen Tube) Implants Enable Functional Recovery after Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Neural repair within the central nervous system (CNS) has been extremely challenging due to limited abilities of adult CNS neurons to regenerate, particularly in a highly inflammatory injury environment that is also filled with myelin debris. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical condition that often leads to paralysis and currently has no effective treatment. Here we report the construction of a novel biocompatible and biodegradable material, Bio-C, through coating of acid-desalted-collagen (ADC) tube with pre-modified hyaluronic acid, which, after implantation, can elicit quite robust neural regeneration and functional recovery after complete spinal-cord transection with a 2 mm–spinal-cord-segment removal in mice. We combined morphological, electrophysiological, and objective transcriptomic analyses, in addition to behavioral analyses, to demonstrate neural tissue regeneration and functional recovery through the establishment of Bio-C-induced anti-inflammatory, neurogenic, and neurotrophic microenvironment. Through this study, we unveiled the underlying logic for CNS neural repair.