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Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication
Tsukushi (TSK) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family that controls developmental processes and organogenesis. TSK was also identified as a new hepatokine, which is mainly expressed in the liver, and is secreted by hepatocytes, to regulate energy and glycolipid metabolism in respo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35323680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030237 |
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author | Furuhashi, Masato Higashiura, Yukimura Sakai, Akiko Koyama, Masayuki Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Shimamoto, Kazuaki Ohnishi, Hirofumi |
author_facet | Furuhashi, Masato Higashiura, Yukimura Sakai, Akiko Koyama, Masayuki Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Shimamoto, Kazuaki Ohnishi, Hirofumi |
author_sort | Furuhashi, Masato |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tsukushi (TSK) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family that controls developmental processes and organogenesis. TSK was also identified as a new hepatokine, which is mainly expressed in the liver, and is secreted by hepatocytes, to regulate energy and glycolipid metabolism in response to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the role of plasma TSK, especially its role in the general population, has not been fully addressed. We investigated the associations between plasma TSK concentration and several metabolic markers, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine, and adiponectin, an adipokine, in 253 subjects (men/women: 114/139) with no medication in the Tanno–Sobetsu Study, which employed a population-based cohort. There was no significant sex difference in plasma TSK concentration, and the level was positively correlated with the fatty liver index (FLI) (r = 0.131, p = 0.038), levels of insulin (r = 0.295, p < 0.001) and levels of FGF21 (r = 0.290, p < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with the total cholesterol level (r = −0.124, p = 0.049). There was no significant correlation between the TSK level and body mass index, waist circumference, adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or total bile acids. The multivariable regression analysis showed that high levels of insulin and FGF21 and a low level of total cholesterol were independent determinants of plasma TSK concentration, after adjustment for age, sex and FLI. In conclusion, plasma TSK concentration is independently associated with high levels of insulin and FGF21, a hepatokine, and a low level of total cholesterol, but not with adiposity and adiponectin, in a general population of subjects who have not taken any medications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8954195 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89541952022-03-26 Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication Furuhashi, Masato Higashiura, Yukimura Sakai, Akiko Koyama, Masayuki Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Shimamoto, Kazuaki Ohnishi, Hirofumi Metabolites Article Tsukushi (TSK) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family that controls developmental processes and organogenesis. TSK was also identified as a new hepatokine, which is mainly expressed in the liver, and is secreted by hepatocytes, to regulate energy and glycolipid metabolism in response to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the role of plasma TSK, especially its role in the general population, has not been fully addressed. We investigated the associations between plasma TSK concentration and several metabolic markers, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine, and adiponectin, an adipokine, in 253 subjects (men/women: 114/139) with no medication in the Tanno–Sobetsu Study, which employed a population-based cohort. There was no significant sex difference in plasma TSK concentration, and the level was positively correlated with the fatty liver index (FLI) (r = 0.131, p = 0.038), levels of insulin (r = 0.295, p < 0.001) and levels of FGF21 (r = 0.290, p < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with the total cholesterol level (r = −0.124, p = 0.049). There was no significant correlation between the TSK level and body mass index, waist circumference, adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or total bile acids. The multivariable regression analysis showed that high levels of insulin and FGF21 and a low level of total cholesterol were independent determinants of plasma TSK concentration, after adjustment for age, sex and FLI. In conclusion, plasma TSK concentration is independently associated with high levels of insulin and FGF21, a hepatokine, and a low level of total cholesterol, but not with adiposity and adiponectin, in a general population of subjects who have not taken any medications. MDPI 2022-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8954195/ /pubmed/35323680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030237 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Furuhashi, Masato Higashiura, Yukimura Sakai, Akiko Koyama, Masayuki Tanaka, Marenao Saitoh, Shigeyuki Shimamoto, Kazuaki Ohnishi, Hirofumi Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title | Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title_full | Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title_fullStr | Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title_full_unstemmed | Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title_short | Plasma Tsukushi Concentration Is Associated with High Levels of Insulin and FGF21 and Low Level of Total Cholesterol in a General Population without Medication |
title_sort | plasma tsukushi concentration is associated with high levels of insulin and fgf21 and low level of total cholesterol in a general population without medication |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954195/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35323680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030237 |
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