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Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle and buffaloes transmitted by blood-feeding vectors and causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality. Since the first observation of LSD in Zambia in 1929, it has spread in cattle populations across African countries, the Midd...

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Autores principales: Koirala, Pragya, Meki, Irene Kasindi, Maharjan, Manju, Settypalli, Bharani Kumar, Manandhar, Salina, Yadav, Sanjay Kumar, Cattoli, Giovanni, Lamien, Charles Euloge
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954389/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336114
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030539
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author Koirala, Pragya
Meki, Irene Kasindi
Maharjan, Manju
Settypalli, Bharani Kumar
Manandhar, Salina
Yadav, Sanjay Kumar
Cattoli, Giovanni
Lamien, Charles Euloge
author_facet Koirala, Pragya
Meki, Irene Kasindi
Maharjan, Manju
Settypalli, Bharani Kumar
Manandhar, Salina
Yadav, Sanjay Kumar
Cattoli, Giovanni
Lamien, Charles Euloge
author_sort Koirala, Pragya
collection PubMed
description Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle and buffaloes transmitted by blood-feeding vectors and causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality. Since the first observation of LSD in Zambia in 1929, it has spread in cattle populations across African countries, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Following the recent outbreaks of LSD in South Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh, the disease was first reported in cattle farms in Nepal in June 2020. This study investigated the Nepalese LSD outbreak and confirmed that the disease spread rapidly to three neighboring districts in a month, infecting 1300 animals. Both cattle and buffaloes showed common clinical signs of LSD, with the exception that the buffaloes presented small nodular lesions without centered ulcerations. The collected samples were first tested for the presence of LSDV by real-time PCR. We further applied molecular tools, RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein gene, and B22R, for additional characterization of the LSDV isolates circulating in Nepal. Using a PCR-based Snapback assay, we confirmed that samples collected from cattle and buffaloes were positive of LSDV. Furthermore, sequence analysis (phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignments) of four selected LSDV genes revealed that the Nepal LSDVs resemble the Bangladesh and Indian isolates and the historic isolates from Kenya. We also highlight the importance of a unique B22R gene region harboring single-nucleotide insertions in LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGPO-240 vaccine strains, enabling us to differentiate them from the Nepalese isolates and other fields isolates. This study demonstrates the importance of disease surveillance and the need to determine the source of the disease introduction, the extent of spread, modes of transmission, and the necessary control measures.
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spelling pubmed-89543892022-03-26 Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal Koirala, Pragya Meki, Irene Kasindi Maharjan, Manju Settypalli, Bharani Kumar Manandhar, Salina Yadav, Sanjay Kumar Cattoli, Giovanni Lamien, Charles Euloge Microorganisms Article Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle and buffaloes transmitted by blood-feeding vectors and causes high morbidity and low-to-moderate mortality. Since the first observation of LSD in Zambia in 1929, it has spread in cattle populations across African countries, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Following the recent outbreaks of LSD in South Asian countries such as India and Bangladesh, the disease was first reported in cattle farms in Nepal in June 2020. This study investigated the Nepalese LSD outbreak and confirmed that the disease spread rapidly to three neighboring districts in a month, infecting 1300 animals. Both cattle and buffaloes showed common clinical signs of LSD, with the exception that the buffaloes presented small nodular lesions without centered ulcerations. The collected samples were first tested for the presence of LSDV by real-time PCR. We further applied molecular tools, RPO30, GPCR, EEV glycoprotein gene, and B22R, for additional characterization of the LSDV isolates circulating in Nepal. Using a PCR-based Snapback assay, we confirmed that samples collected from cattle and buffaloes were positive of LSDV. Furthermore, sequence analysis (phylogenetic and multiple sequence alignments) of four selected LSDV genes revealed that the Nepal LSDVs resemble the Bangladesh and Indian isolates and the historic isolates from Kenya. We also highlight the importance of a unique B22R gene region harboring single-nucleotide insertions in LSDV Neethling and LSDV KSGPO-240 vaccine strains, enabling us to differentiate them from the Nepalese isolates and other fields isolates. This study demonstrates the importance of disease surveillance and the need to determine the source of the disease introduction, the extent of spread, modes of transmission, and the necessary control measures. MDPI 2022-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8954389/ /pubmed/35336114 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030539 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Koirala, Pragya
Meki, Irene Kasindi
Maharjan, Manju
Settypalli, Bharani Kumar
Manandhar, Salina
Yadav, Sanjay Kumar
Cattoli, Giovanni
Lamien, Charles Euloge
Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title_full Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title_fullStr Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title_short Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal
title_sort molecular characterization of the 2020 outbreak of lumpy skin disease in nepal
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954389/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336114
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030539
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