Cargando…

Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gao, Lei, Wang, Shiyan, Zhang, Di, Zhu, Hongmei, Jia, Yuanyuan, Wang, Haibo, Li, Suhong, Fu, Xiuhong, Sun, Xiuli, Wang, Jianliu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568
_version_ 1784676154696794112
author Gao, Lei
Wang, Shiyan
Zhang, Di
Zhu, Hongmei
Jia, Yuanyuan
Wang, Haibo
Li, Suhong
Fu, Xiuhong
Sun, Xiuli
Wang, Jianliu
author_facet Gao, Lei
Wang, Shiyan
Zhang, Di
Zhu, Hongmei
Jia, Yuanyuan
Wang, Haibo
Li, Suhong
Fu, Xiuhong
Sun, Xiuli
Wang, Jianliu
author_sort Gao, Lei
collection PubMed
description Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primipara in the first trimester of gestation and investigate the risk factors for PFM weakness. Methods: Primiparas aged 20~40 years with a singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were recruited, and data were collected via questionnaires on items that were suggested as associated with PFM weakness, followed by Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) on genital hiatus and perineal body and pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation for the thickness of the left and right levator ani muscles (LAM), right–left diameter of the levator hiatus (LH), and LH area. Participants were divided into three groups by MOS >3, =3, and <3 for data analysis. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the questionnaires and examinational analysis, of whom, 228, 98, and 54 were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The three groups were significantly different in the number of gestations and abortions, toilet types, and the right–left diameter of the LH (p < 0.05). Logistic regressive analysis showed that squatting toilet dominant (OR = 3.025; 95% CI: 1.623~5.638; p < 0.001) and a larger right–left diameter of the LH (OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 1.026~1.105; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFM weakness. Conclusions: Squatting toilet dominancy and longer right–left diameter of the LH are significantly associated with PFM weakness in primiparas in the first trimester. Sitting toilets should be recommended to women, especially pregnant women. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618).
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8954683
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89546832022-03-26 Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study Gao, Lei Wang, Shiyan Zhang, Di Zhu, Hongmei Jia, Yuanyuan Wang, Haibo Li, Suhong Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Xiuli Wang, Jianliu Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primipara in the first trimester of gestation and investigate the risk factors for PFM weakness. Methods: Primiparas aged 20~40 years with a singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were recruited, and data were collected via questionnaires on items that were suggested as associated with PFM weakness, followed by Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) on genital hiatus and perineal body and pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation for the thickness of the left and right levator ani muscles (LAM), right–left diameter of the levator hiatus (LH), and LH area. Participants were divided into three groups by MOS >3, =3, and <3 for data analysis. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the questionnaires and examinational analysis, of whom, 228, 98, and 54 were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The three groups were significantly different in the number of gestations and abortions, toilet types, and the right–left diameter of the LH (p < 0.05). Logistic regressive analysis showed that squatting toilet dominant (OR = 3.025; 95% CI: 1.623~5.638; p < 0.001) and a larger right–left diameter of the LH (OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 1.026~1.105; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFM weakness. Conclusions: Squatting toilet dominancy and longer right–left diameter of the LH are significantly associated with PFM weakness in primiparas in the first trimester. Sitting toilets should be recommended to women, especially pregnant women. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618). MDPI 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8954683/ /pubmed/35329251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gao, Lei
Wang, Shiyan
Zhang, Di
Zhu, Hongmei
Jia, Yuanyuan
Wang, Haibo
Li, Suhong
Fu, Xiuhong
Sun, Xiuli
Wang, Jianliu
Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort pelvic floor muscle strength in the first trimester of primipara: a cross-sectional study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954683/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568
work_keys_str_mv AT gaolei pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT wangshiyan pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT zhangdi pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT zhuhongmei pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT jiayuanyuan pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT wanghaibo pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT lisuhong pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT fuxiuhong pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT sunxiuli pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy
AT wangjianliu pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy