Cargando…
Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568 |
_version_ | 1784676154696794112 |
---|---|
author | Gao, Lei Wang, Shiyan Zhang, Di Zhu, Hongmei Jia, Yuanyuan Wang, Haibo Li, Suhong Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Xiuli Wang, Jianliu |
author_facet | Gao, Lei Wang, Shiyan Zhang, Di Zhu, Hongmei Jia, Yuanyuan Wang, Haibo Li, Suhong Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Xiuli Wang, Jianliu |
author_sort | Gao, Lei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primipara in the first trimester of gestation and investigate the risk factors for PFM weakness. Methods: Primiparas aged 20~40 years with a singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were recruited, and data were collected via questionnaires on items that were suggested as associated with PFM weakness, followed by Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) on genital hiatus and perineal body and pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation for the thickness of the left and right levator ani muscles (LAM), right–left diameter of the levator hiatus (LH), and LH area. Participants were divided into three groups by MOS >3, =3, and <3 for data analysis. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the questionnaires and examinational analysis, of whom, 228, 98, and 54 were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The three groups were significantly different in the number of gestations and abortions, toilet types, and the right–left diameter of the LH (p < 0.05). Logistic regressive analysis showed that squatting toilet dominant (OR = 3.025; 95% CI: 1.623~5.638; p < 0.001) and a larger right–left diameter of the LH (OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 1.026~1.105; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFM weakness. Conclusions: Squatting toilet dominancy and longer right–left diameter of the LH are significantly associated with PFM weakness in primiparas in the first trimester. Sitting toilets should be recommended to women, especially pregnant women. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8954683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89546832022-03-26 Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study Gao, Lei Wang, Shiyan Zhang, Di Zhu, Hongmei Jia, Yuanyuan Wang, Haibo Li, Suhong Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Xiuli Wang, Jianliu Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primipara in the first trimester of gestation and investigate the risk factors for PFM weakness. Methods: Primiparas aged 20~40 years with a singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were recruited, and data were collected via questionnaires on items that were suggested as associated with PFM weakness, followed by Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) on genital hiatus and perineal body and pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation for the thickness of the left and right levator ani muscles (LAM), right–left diameter of the levator hiatus (LH), and LH area. Participants were divided into three groups by MOS >3, =3, and <3 for data analysis. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the questionnaires and examinational analysis, of whom, 228, 98, and 54 were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The three groups were significantly different in the number of gestations and abortions, toilet types, and the right–left diameter of the LH (p < 0.05). Logistic regressive analysis showed that squatting toilet dominant (OR = 3.025; 95% CI: 1.623~5.638; p < 0.001) and a larger right–left diameter of the LH (OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 1.026~1.105; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFM weakness. Conclusions: Squatting toilet dominancy and longer right–left diameter of the LH are significantly associated with PFM weakness in primiparas in the first trimester. Sitting toilets should be recommended to women, especially pregnant women. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618). MDPI 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8954683/ /pubmed/35329251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gao, Lei Wang, Shiyan Zhang, Di Zhu, Hongmei Jia, Yuanyuan Wang, Haibo Li, Suhong Fu, Xiuhong Sun, Xiuli Wang, Jianliu Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_fullStr | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_short | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study |
title_sort | pelvic floor muscle strength in the first trimester of primipara: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35329251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063568 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gaolei pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT wangshiyan pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT zhangdi pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT zhuhongmei pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT jiayuanyuan pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT wanghaibo pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT lisuhong pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT fuxiuhong pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT sunxiuli pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy AT wangjianliu pelvicfloormusclestrengthinthefirsttrimesterofprimiparaacrosssectionalstudy |